Question 1

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B)  Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C)  Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D)  Cortex; pith 
E)  Vascular cambium; cork cambium 
A)  Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B)  Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C)  Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D)  Cortex; pith 
E)  Vascular cambium; cork cambium

Question 2

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

Accepted Answer

A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  sieve-tube elements 
C)  parenchyma cells 
D)  root hairs 
A)  sclerenchyma cells 
B)  sieve-tube elements 
C)  parenchyma cells 
D)  root hairs

Question 3

Figure 28.1
-Which of the following statements about the cells shown in the photograph in Figure 28.1 is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are parenchyma cells. 
B)  They are photosynthetic. 
C)  They are usually found in roots. 
D)  They are phloem cells. 
E)  They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic. 
A)  They are parenchyma cells. 
B)  They are photosynthetic. 
C)  They are usually found in roots. 
D)  They are phloem cells. 
E)  They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic.

Question 4

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

Accepted Answer

A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C)  leaves have mesophyll tissue but roots do not. 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not. 
A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem. 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not. 
C)  leaves have mesophyll tissue but roots do not. 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves. 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not.

Question 5

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order,

Accepted Answer

A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D)  the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E)  the summer wood, bark, and phloem. 
A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark. 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm. 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem. 
D)  the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium. 
E)  the summer wood, bark, and phloem.

Question 6

Figure 28.2
-A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  I only. 
B)  II only. 
C)  III only. 
D)  IV only. 
E)  both I and III. 
A)  I only. 
B)  II only. 
C)  III only. 
D)  IV only. 
E)  both I and III.

Question 7

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary xylem 
B)  dermal tissue 
C)  leaves 
D)  all of the above 
A)  secondary xylem 
B)  dermal tissue 
C)  leaves 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

The shoot elongation in a growing bud is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C)  cell division localized in each internode. 
D)  cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem. 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem. 
C)  cell division localized in each internode. 
D)  cell elongation localized in each internode. 
E)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem.

Question 9

Mature cork cells deposit a waxy substance called ________ in cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  suberin 
B)  lignin 
C)  chitin 
D)  cellulose 
E)  pectin 
A)  suberin 
B)  lignin 
C)  chitin 
D)  cellulose 
E)  pectin

Question 10

Which tissue is the innermost layer of the cortex in roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle 
B)  endodermis 
C)  vascular cylinder 
D)  mesophyll 
E)  ground tissue 
A)  pericycle 
B)  endodermis 
C)  vascular cylinder 
D)  mesophyll 
E)  ground tissue

Question 11

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
E)  woody annual 
A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
E)  woody annual

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flowers may have secondary growth. 
B)  Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. 
C)  Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 
D)  Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. 
E)  Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem. 
A)  Flowers may have secondary growth. 
B)  Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves. 
C)  Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium. 
D)  Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant. 
E)  Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

Question 13

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma 
B)  xylem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  collenchyma 
E)  sclerenchyma 
A)  parenchyma 
B)  xylem 
C)  endodermis 
D)  collenchyma 
E)  sclerenchyma

Question 14

Palisade parenchyma, a ground tissue, performs which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  storage of food 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  aerobic respiration 
D)  transport of water and minerals 
E)  transport of food 
A)  storage of food 
B)  photosynthesis 
C)  aerobic respiration 
D)  transport of water and minerals 
E)  transport of food

Question 15

The strength and hardness of wood are due to

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary growth. 
B)  highly lignified walls of secondary phloem. 
C)  highly lignified walls of xylem. 
D)  annual rings. 
E)  tracheids. 
A)  secondary growth. 
B)  highly lignified walls of secondary phloem. 
C)  highly lignified walls of xylem. 
D)  annual rings. 
E)  tracheids.

Question 16

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  cell differentiation. 
B)  cell division. 
C)  morphogenesis. 
D)  cell elongation. 
A)  cell differentiation. 
B)  cell division. 
C)  morphogenesis. 
D)  cell elongation.

Question 17

The vascular cambium is ________ and produces secondary vascular tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  one cell thick 
B)  two cells thick 
C)  three cells thick 
D)  irregular in thickness 
E)  composed of multiple layers 
A)  one cell thick 
B)  two cells thick 
C)  three cells thick 
D)  irregular in thickness 
E)  composed of multiple layers

Question 18

The outermost layer of the vascular cylinder of a root is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  xylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  endodermis. 
A)  pericycle. 
B)  cortex. 
C)  xylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  endodermis.

Question 19

A person working with plants may increase the lateral branches by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  pruning shoot tips 
B)  deep watering of the roots 
C)  fertilizing 
D)  treating the plants with auxins 
E)  feeding the plants nutrients 
A)  pruning shoot tips 
B)  deep watering of the roots 
C)  fertilizing 
D)  treating the plants with auxins 
E)  feeding the plants nutrients

Exam 28: Plant Structure and Growth

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

Figure 28.1 -Which of the following statements about the cells shown in the photograph in Figure 28.1 is true?

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order,

Figure 28.2 -A plant that is at least 3 years old is represented by

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

The shoot elongation in a growing bud is due to

Mature cork cells deposit a waxy substance called ________ in cell walls.

Which tissue is the innermost layer of the cortex in roots?

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Which of the following is a true statement?

A student examining leaf cross sections under a microscope finds many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls. The cells have numerous chloroplasts. What type of cells are they?

Palisade parenchyma, a ground tissue, performs which of the following functions?

The strength and hardness of wood are due to

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

The vascular cambium is ________ and produces secondary vascular tissue.

The outermost layer of the vascular cylinder of a root is called the

A person working with plants may increase the lateral branches by which of the following?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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is to xylem as is to phloem.