Question 1

Figure 33.2
-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. The agent(s) that help emulsify fats are produced in location

Accepted Answer

A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  8. 
E)  9. 
A)  1. 
B)  2. 
C)  3. 
D)  8. 
E)  9.

Question 2

The fat-soluble vitamins include

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A. 
B)  vitamin B12. 
C)  vitamin C. 
D)  iodine. 
E)  calcium. 
A)  vitamin A. 
B)  vitamin B12. 
C)  vitamin C. 
D)  iodine. 
E)  calcium.

Question 3

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that the

Accepted Answer

A)  processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. 
B)  fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. 
C)  carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. 
D)  most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. 
E)  fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption. 
A)  processing of fats does not require any digestive enzymes, whereas the processing of carbohydrates does. 
B)  fat absorption occurs in the stomach, whereas carbohydrates are absorbed from the small intestine. 
C)  carbohydrates need to be emulsified before they can be digested, whereas fats do not. 
D)  most absorbed fat first enters the lymphatic system, whereas carbohydrates directly enter the blood. 
E)  fats, but not carbohydrates, are digested by bacteria before absorption.

Question 4

Which organ is incorrectly paired with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
D)  pancreas-enzyme production 
A)  stomach-protein digestion 
B)  large intestine-bile production 
C)  small intestine-nutrient absorption 
D)  pancreas-enzyme production

Question 5

Hypoglycemia occurs when there are low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human. What is a way to "correct" hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase the secretion of insulin. 
B)  Increase the secretion of glucagon. 
C)  Increase the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
D)  Decrease the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
E)  Decrease the secretion of thyroid hormones. 
A)  Increase the secretion of insulin. 
B)  Increase the secretion of glucagon. 
C)  Increase the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
D)  Decrease the secretion of both insulin and glucagon. 
E)  Decrease the secretion of thyroid hormones.

Question 6

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates result in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminated in the feces. 
B)  stored as starch in the liver. 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D)  oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E)  hydrolyzed and converted to ADP. 
A)  eliminated in the feces. 
B)  stored as starch in the liver. 
C)  stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles. 
D)  oxidized and converted to ATP. 
E)  hydrolyzed and converted to ADP.

Question 7

Independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Accepted Answer

A)  food eaten in one day. 
B)  heat generated in one day. 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E)  water consumed in one day. 
A)  food eaten in one day. 
B)  heat generated in one day. 
C)  oxygen used in mitochondria in one day. 
D)  carbon dioxide produced in one day. 
E)  water consumed in one day.

Question 8

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood clotting and vitamin C 
B)  normal vision and vitamin A 
C)  synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D 
D)  protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E 
E)  production of white blood cells and vitamin K 
A)  blood clotting and vitamin C 
B)  normal vision and vitamin A 
C)  synthesis of cell membranes and vitamin D 
D)  protection of skin from cancer and vitamin E 
E)  production of white blood cells and vitamin K

Question 9

An enlarged cecum is typical of

Accepted Answer

A)  rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears. 
B)  carnivorous animals. 
C)  tubeworms that digest via symbionts. 
D)  humans and other primates. 
E)  tapeworms and other intestinal parasites. 
A)  rabbits, horses, and herbivorous bears. 
B)  carnivorous animals. 
C)  tubeworms that digest via symbionts. 
D)  humans and other primates. 
E)  tapeworms and other intestinal parasites.

Question 10

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV) to answer the following question(s).   Figure 33.1
-The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it would be chemically impossible to add more. 
B)  these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100%. 
C)  it is too easy to overdose on minerals such as phosphorus and calcium. 
D)  it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K. 
E)  these supplements are meant for those who have been deprived of healthy foods. 
A)  it would be chemically impossible to add more. 
B)  these vitamins and minerals are too large in size to reach 100%. 
C)  it is too easy to overdose on minerals such as phosphorus and calcium. 
D)  it is dangerous to overdose on fat-soluble vitamins such as A and K. 
E)  these supplements are meant for those who have been deprived of healthy foods.

Question 11

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol. Protein digestion yields amino acids. Both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A)  occur inside cells in most animals. 
B)  add a water molecule to break bonds. 
C)  require a low pH resulting from HCl production. 
D)  consume ATP. 
A)  occur inside cells in most animals. 
B)  add a water molecule to break bonds. 
C)  require a low pH resulting from HCl production. 
D)  consume ATP.

Question 12

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  elimination. 
A)  ingestion. 
B)  digestion. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  absorption. 
E)  elimination.

Question 13

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric reflux. 
B)  premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C)  excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D)  increased stomach pH. 
E)  retention of food in the stomach. 
A)  gastric reflux. 
B)  premature entry of food into the duodenum. 
C)  excess secretion of pepsinogen. 
D)  increased stomach pH. 
E)  retention of food in the stomach.

Question 14

Most individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes have an increased probability of having inherited the disease from both parents. Additionally, Caucasians have the highest diagnosed rate of type 1 diabetes. What can you conclude from this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Type 1 diabetes risk factors likely influence the risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians. 
B)  Type 1 diabetes is treated most easily in Caucasians. 
C)  Type 1 diabetes is easily cured in Caucasians. 
D)  Type 1 diabetes risk factors are likely more prevalent in Caucasians than in other races. 
A)  Type 1 diabetes risk factors likely influence the risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Caucasians. 
B)  Type 1 diabetes is treated most easily in Caucasians. 
C)  Type 1 diabetes is easily cured in Caucasians. 
D)  Type 1 diabetes risk factors are likely more prevalent in Caucasians than in other races.

Question 15

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Accepted Answer

A)  pH monitoring. 
B)  X-ray technology. 
C)  the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D)  colonoscopy. 
E)  sonography. 
A)  pH monitoring. 
B)  X-ray technology. 
C)  the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection. 
D)  colonoscopy. 
E)  sonography.

Question 16

Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the bloodstream as

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharides. 
B)  polymers. 
C)  monomers. 
D)  enzymes. 
E)  peptides. 
A)  disaccharides. 
B)  polymers. 
C)  monomers. 
D)  enzymes. 
E)  peptides.

Question 17

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  liver. 
E)  mouth. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  pancreas. 
D)  liver. 
E)  mouth.

Question 18

A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components, as well as fuel molecules needed for ATP production, is that the animal should have access to

Accepted Answer

A)  a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. 
B)  a diet low in lipids and high in protein. 
C)  a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids, especially water. 
D)  a diet that matches chemical energy, essential nutrient, and organic molecule building blocks per species. 
E)  a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals. 
A)  a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet. 
B)  a diet low in lipids and high in protein. 
C)  a low-calorie diet with a large intake of fluids, especially water. 
D)  a diet that matches chemical energy, essential nutrient, and organic molecule building blocks per species. 
E)  a diet that maximizes vitamins and minerals.

Question 19

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

Accepted Answer

A)  the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B)  the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C)  the size of the mouth opening. 
D)  the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E)  whether the mouth is the most anterior structure. 
A)  the position of muscle attachment sites. 
B)  the prevalence of specific kinds of teeth. 
C)  the size of the mouth opening. 
D)  the evidence of food molecules still present. 
E)  whether the mouth is the most anterior structure.

Question 20

Once humans ingest food, the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  nucleic acids. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  nucleic acids.

Exam 33: Animal Nutrition

Figure 33.2 -Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. The agent(s) that help emulsify fats are produced in location

The fat-soluble vitamins include

The absorption of fats differs from that of carbohydrates in that the

Which organ is incorrectly paired with its function?

Hypoglycemia occurs when there are low levels of glucose in the blood of a healthy human. What is a way to "correct" hypoglycemia?

When the digestion and absorption of organic carbohydrates result in more energy-rich molecules than are immediately required by an animal, the excess is

Independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of

Which pair correctly associates a physiological process with the appropriate vitamin?

An enlarged cecum is typical of

Use the following table showing the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (% DV) to answer the following question(s). Figure 33.1 -The most likely reason that some of the vitamins and minerals in this supplement are found at less than 100% is that

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol. Protein digestion yields amino acids. Both digestive processes

Ingested dietary substances must cross cell membranes to be used by the body, a process known as

A hiatal hernia that disrupts the functional relationship between the smooth muscle in the esophagus and that in the stomach would be most likely to increase the frequency of

Most individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes have an increased probability of having inherited the disease from both parents. Additionally, Caucasians have the highest diagnosed rate of type 1 diabetes. What can you conclude from this information?

Historically inaccurate diagnosis of acid reflux disorders and gastric ulcers has been improved by

Complex nutrients are digested and then absorbed into the bloodstream as

Digestive secretions with a pH of 2 are characteristic of the

A general rule relating the capacity of a specific animal's digestive system to provide adequate access to substrates for biosynthesis of cellular components, as well as fuel molecules needed for ATP production, is that the animal should have access to

Analysis of jawbones from the skeletal remains of a vertebrate animal reveal its dietary patterns owing to

Once humans ingest food, the first category of macromolecules to be chemically digested by enzymes in the mouth is

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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