Question 1

Figure 33.2
-Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in location(s)

Accepted Answer

A)  3 only. 
B)  4 only. 
C)  1 and 4. 
D)  3 and 4. 
E)  1, 3, and 4. 
A)  3 only. 
B)  4 only. 
C)  1 and 4. 
D)  3 and 4. 
E)  1, 3, and 4.

Question 2

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  glucagon. 
B)  mucus. 
C)  bile salts. 
D)  insulin. 
A)  glucagon. 
B)  mucus. 
C)  bile salts. 
D)  insulin.

Question 3

Coprophagy, the nutrition-boosting ingestion of fecal material, is important for the nutritional balance of

Accepted Answer

A)  ruminants such as cows. 
B)  insects and arthropods. 
C)  rabbits and rodents. 
D)  squirrels and some rodents. 
E)  very large animals, such as elephants. 
A)  ruminants such as cows. 
B)  insects and arthropods. 
C)  rabbits and rodents. 
D)  squirrels and some rodents. 
E)  very large animals, such as elephants.

Question 4

If someone is feeling stressed or anxious, hormones present in blood communicate with cells to begin breaking down stored energy if the body needs it. In this situation, how does stress affect metabolic rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not affect metabolic rate. 
B)  It causes metabolic rate to decrease. 
C)  It causes metabolic rate to increase. 
D)  It causes metabolic rate to decrease sharply and then slowly increase. 
E)  It causes metabolic rate to decrease slowly and then remain stable. 
A)  It does not affect metabolic rate. 
B)  It causes metabolic rate to decrease. 
C)  It causes metabolic rate to increase. 
D)  It causes metabolic rate to decrease sharply and then slowly increase. 
E)  It causes metabolic rate to decrease slowly and then remain stable.

Question 5

Salivary amylase digests

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  starches. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  maltose. 
A)  protein. 
B)  starches. 
C)  monosaccharides. 
D)  glucose. 
E)  maltose.

Question 6

In the digestive system, peristalsis is

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine. 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation. 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. 
D)  a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration. 
E)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus. 
A)  a process of fat emulsification in the small intestine. 
B)  voluntary control of the rectal sphincters regulating defecation. 
C)  the transport of nutrients to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. 
D)  a common cause of loss of appetite, fatigue, and dehydration. 
E)  smooth muscle contractions that move food along the esophagus.

Question 7

Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds all have a

Accepted Answer

A)  gastric cecae. 
B)  larynx. 
C)  crop. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  epiglottis. 
A)  gastric cecae. 
B)  larynx. 
C)  crop. 
D)  pharynx. 
E)  epiglottis.

Question 8

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit their dietary intake of

Accepted Answer

A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat. 
A)  starch. 
B)  protein. 
C)  sugar. 
D)  fat.

Question 9

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Mouse mutations can affect an animal's appetite and eating habits. The ob gene codes for a satiety factor, the hormone leptin. The db gene product, the leptin receptor, is required to respond to the satiety factor.
-Imagine that you are a biologist who is attempting to get an accurate measure of an animal's basal metabolic rate. The best time to measure the metabolic rate is when the animal

Accepted Answer

A)  is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B)  is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C)  has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D)  has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E)  has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise. 
A)  is resting and has not eaten its first meal of the day. 
B)  is resting and has just completed its first meal of the day. 
C)  has recently eaten a sugar-free meal. 
D)  has not consumed any water for at least 48 hours. 
E)  has just completed 30 minutes of vigorous exercise.

Question 10

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

Accepted Answer

A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B)  allows for specialized regions with specialized functions. 
C)  allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. 
D)  allows for extensive branching. 
E)  facilitates intracellular digestion. 
A)  excludes the need for extracellular digestion. 
B)  allows for specialized regions with specialized functions. 
C)  allows digestive enzymes to be more specific. 
D)  allows for extensive branching. 
E)  facilitates intracellular digestion.

Question 11

Identical twins have identical genes. If one twin has type 1 diabetes, the other twin will also have type 1 diabetes approximately 50% of the time. What can you conclude from this information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes are not the sole reason that individuals acquire type 1 diabetes. 
B)  Genes are the sole reason that individuals acquire both types of diabetes. 
C)  The hereditary factor in type 1 diabetes has not been well studied. 
D)  Twins with type 2 diabetes have lower insulin levels than 50% of twins with type 1 diabetes. 
E)  Twins with type 2 diabetes have a 50% lower probability of showing sugar in their urine than those with type 1 diabetes. 
A)  Genes are not the sole reason that individuals acquire type 1 diabetes. 
B)  Genes are the sole reason that individuals acquire both types of diabetes. 
C)  The hereditary factor in type 1 diabetes has not been well studied. 
D)  Twins with type 2 diabetes have lower insulin levels than 50% of twins with type 1 diabetes. 
E)  Twins with type 2 diabetes have a 50% lower probability of showing sugar in their urine than those with type 1 diabetes.

Question 12

Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are

Accepted Answer

A)  used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B)  used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states. 
C)  both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D)  both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals. 
E)  both measured in animals experiencing a resting and fasting state. 
A)  used differently: SMR is measured during exercise, whereas BMR is measured at rest. 
B)  used to compare metabolic rate between hibernating and nonhibernating states. 
C)  both measured across a wide range of temperatures for a given species. 
D)  both standard measurements of fat metabolism in mammals. 
E)  both measured in animals experiencing a resting and fasting state.

Question 13

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  enzymatic hydrolysis. 
D)  regurgitation. 
A)  excretion. 
B)  dehydration synthesis. 
C)  enzymatic hydrolysis. 
D)  regurgitation.

Question 14

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is referred to as "nonessential" would be best described as one that

Accepted Answer

A)  can be made by the animal's body from other substances. 
B)  is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. 
C)  must be ingested in the diet. 
D)  is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  is not found in many proteins. 
A)  can be made by the animal's body from other substances. 
B)  is not used by the animal in biosynthesis. 
C)  must be ingested in the diet. 
D)  is not readily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. 
E)  is not found in many proteins.

Question 15

Nucleic acid digestion yields nucleotides, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes

Accepted Answer

A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B)  add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). 
C)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
D)  require ATP as an energy source. 
A)  are catalyzed by the same enzyme. 
B)  add a water molecule to break bonds (hydrolysis). 
C)  require the presence of hydrochloric acid to lower the pH. 
D)  require ATP as an energy source.

Question 16

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells

Accepted Answer

A)  initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D)  include pepsinogen. 
E)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine. 
A)  initiate the digestion of protein in the stomach. 
B)  initiate the mechanical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
C)  initiate the chemical digestion of lipids in the stomach. 
D)  include pepsinogen. 
E)  delay digestion until the food arrives in the small intestine.

Question 17

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

Accepted Answer

A)  only those animals use those nutrients. 
B)  the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C)  they are required for animal diets, but these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D)  the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E)  only certain foods contain them. 
A)  only those animals use those nutrients. 
B)  the nutrients are subunits of important polymers. 
C)  they are required for animal diets, but these animals are not able to synthesize these nutrients. 
D)  the nutrients are necessary coenzymes. 
E)  only certain foods contain them.

Question 18

People who live in agrarian societies eat more starch and have extra copies of the amylase gene compared with people who live in societies that depend on hunting or fishing. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a dietary deficiency. 
B)  acquisition of essential amino acids. 
C)  feedback circuits that regulate appetite and digestion. 
D)  evolutionary adaptations to differences in diet. 
E)  absorption in the small intestine. 
A)  a dietary deficiency. 
B)  acquisition of essential amino acids. 
C)  feedback circuits that regulate appetite and digestion. 
D)  evolutionary adaptations to differences in diet. 
E)  absorption in the small intestine.

Question 19

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Once a person turns 25 years of age, the person's BMR decreases by approximately 2-6% every ten years. This is due to the fact that as one ages, muscle mass decreases and fat levels increase. These changes decrease BMR and therefore the amount of calories one's body burns at rest.
-If a person were to maintain the same level of activity at ages 25 and 35, how would the weight of the person differ between the two ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person will weigh the same at ages 25 and 35. 
B)  The person will weigh more at age 25 than at age 35. 
C)  The person will weigh more at age 35 than at age 25. 
D)  There is not enough information to determine how weight might change between the two ages. 
A)  The person will weigh the same at ages 25 and 35. 
B)  The person will weigh more at age 25 than at age 35. 
C)  The person will weigh more at age 35 than at age 25. 
D)  There is not enough information to determine how weight might change between the two ages.

Question 20

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having

Accepted Answer

A)  a thriving colony of H. pylori. 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells. 
C)  a high level of secretion by chief cells. 
D)  a high level of secretion from parietal cells. 
E)  secretions that enter the stomach from the pancreas. 
A)  a thriving colony of H. pylori. 
B)  a thick, mucous secretion and active mitosis of epithelial cells. 
C)  a high level of secretion by chief cells. 
D)  a high level of secretion from parietal cells. 
E)  secretions that enter the stomach from the pancreas.

Exam 33: Animal Nutrition

Figure 33.2 -Examine the digestive system structures in the figure above. Most of the digestion of fats occurs in location(s)

After eating a carbohydrate-rich meal, the mammalian pancreas increases its secretion of

Coprophagy, the nutrition-boosting ingestion of fecal material, is important for the nutritional balance of

If someone is feeling stressed or anxious, hormones present in blood communicate with cells to begin breaking down stored energy if the body needs it. In this situation, how does stress affect metabolic rate?

Salivary amylase digests

In the digestive system, peristalsis is

Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds all have a

After surgical removal of the gallbladder, a person might need to limit their dietary intake of

An advantage of a complete digestive system over a gastrovascular cavity is that the complete system

Identical twins have identical genes. If one twin has type 1 diabetes, the other twin will also have type 1 diabetes approximately 50% of the time. What can you conclude from this information?

Standard metabolic rate (SMR) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) are

Because the foods eaten by animals are often composed largely of macromolecules, this requires the animals to have mechanisms for

To maintain adequate nutrition, animals require dietary access to certain amino acids. An amino acid that is referred to as "nonessential" would be best described as one that

Nucleic acid digestion yields nucleotides, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes

Upon activation by stomach acidity, the secretions of the parietal cells

Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of some animals because

People who live in agrarian societies eat more starch and have extra copies of the amylase gene compared with people who live in societies that depend on hunting or fishing. This is an example of

Stomach cells are moderately well adapted to the acidity and protein-digesting activities in the stomach by having

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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