Question 1

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

Accepted Answer

A)  cochlea. 
B)  statoliths. 
C)  otoliths. 
D)  pinnae. 
A)  cochlea. 
B)  statoliths. 
C)  otoliths. 
D)  pinnae.

Question 2

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes-metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B)  oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C)  microglia-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D)  radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens 
E)  Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to nonmyelinated neurons 
A)  astrocytes-metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B)  oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C)  microglia-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D)  radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens 
E)  Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to nonmyelinated neurons

Question 3

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a psychedelic drug that stimulates the reward pathway. Which of the following is a possible mechanism of how it affects neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  LSD molecules act as an agonist and bind to dopamine receptors. 
B)  LSD molecules block the release of dopamine from axon terminals. 
C)  LSD molecules catalyze the breakdown of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. 
D)  LSD molecules promote the reuptake of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron. 
A)  LSD molecules act as an agonist and bind to dopamine receptors. 
B)  LSD molecules block the release of dopamine from axon terminals. 
C)  LSD molecules catalyze the breakdown of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. 
D)  LSD molecules promote the reuptake of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron.

Question 4

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The southern grasshopper mouse feeds regularly on the Arizona bark scorpion, the most venomous scorpion in the United States. While attempting to capture the scorpion, the mouse usually gets stung multiple times by the scorpion but does not seem to be affected.
-A sensation of hunger triggers the mouse to leave its den to hunt the scorpions. Where would you expect to see a high level of activity in the mouse's brain when it feels hungry?

Accepted Answer

A)  on the outer edges 
B)  near the middle 
C)  at the bottom 
D)  only on the left side 
A)  on the outer edges 
B)  near the middle 
C)  at the bottom 
D)  only on the left side

Question 5

Exercise and emergency reactions include

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in all parts of the peripheral nervous system. 
B)  increased activity in the sympathetic division and decreased activity in the parasympathetic division. 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic division and increased activity in the parasympathetic division. 
D)  increased activity in the enteric nervous system. 
E)  reduced heart rate and blood pressure. 
A)  increased activity in all parts of the peripheral nervous system. 
B)  increased activity in the sympathetic division and decreased activity in the parasympathetic division. 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic division and increased activity in the parasympathetic division. 
D)  increased activity in the enteric nervous system. 
E)  reduced heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 6

The regulation of body temperature derives from the activity of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 7

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 8

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus.
1) transmission
2) transduction
3) perception
4) adaptation

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  2 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D)  3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  2 → 1 → 4 → 3 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  2 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D)  3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  2 → 1 → 4 → 3

Question 9

A ligand for the umami receptor in the sense of taste is

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  sodium ions. 
C)  potassium ions. 
D)  hydrogen ions. 
E)  monosodium glutamate. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  sodium ions. 
C)  potassium ions. 
D)  hydrogen ions. 
E)  monosodium glutamate.

Question 10

The olfactory bulbs are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  nasal cavity. 
B)  anterior pituitary gland. 
C)  posterior pituitary gland. 
D)  brain. 
E)  brainstem. 
A)  nasal cavity. 
B)  anterior pituitary gland. 
C)  posterior pituitary gland. 
D)  brain. 
E)  brainstem.

Question 11

An organism that lacks neurons that perform integration

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot receive stimuli. 
B)  will not have a nervous system. 
C)  will not be able to interpret stimuli. 
D)  can be expected to lack myelinated neurons. 
A)  cannot receive stimuli. 
B)  will not have a nervous system. 
C)  will not be able to interpret stimuli. 
D)  can be expected to lack myelinated neurons.

Question 12

The coordination of groups of skeletal muscles is driven by activity in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 13

Choose the correct match of brain structure with one of its primary functions.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe-decision making 
B)  occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C)  temporal lobe-visual processing 
D)  cerebellum-language comprehension 
E)  occipital lobe-speech production 
A)  frontal lobe-decision making 
B)  occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C)  temporal lobe-visual processing 
D)  cerebellum-language comprehension 
E)  occipital lobe-speech production

Question 14

Hunger and thirst are under the regulatory influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 15

The cerebrospinal fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  a filtrate of the blood. 
B)  a secretion of glial cells. 
C)  a secretion of interneurons. 
D)  cytosol secreted from ependymal cells. 
E)  a secretion of the hypothalamus. 
A)  a filtrate of the blood. 
B)  a secretion of glial cells. 
C)  a secretion of interneurons. 
D)  cytosol secreted from ependymal cells. 
E)  a secretion of the hypothalamus.

Question 16

While on an African safari, you squint into the distance in order to get a better view of an elephant. What is happening in your eye to allow you to focus on the elephant?

Accepted Answer

A)  The iris is opening to allow more light into the pupil. 
B)  The iris is closing to allow less light into the pupil. 
C)  The lens is becoming flatter. 
D)  The lens is becoming more spherical. 
A)  The iris is opening to allow more light into the pupil. 
B)  The iris is closing to allow less light into the pupil. 
C)  The lens is becoming flatter. 
D)  The lens is becoming more spherical.

Question 17

Proteins coded by a very large family of related genes are active in the sensory transduction of

Accepted Answer

A)  gustatory stimuli. 
B)  olfactory stimuli. 
C)  visual stimuli. 
D)  auditory stimuli. 
A)  gustatory stimuli. 
B)  olfactory stimuli. 
C)  visual stimuli. 
D)  auditory stimuli.

Question 18

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observation that animals isolated from light and dark cues

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours in duration. 
B)  continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours in duration - some more rapid, some slower. 
C)  synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. 
D)  cease having any biological rhythms. 
E)  are independent of any genetic determinants. 
A)  continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours in duration. 
B)  continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours in duration - some more rapid, some slower. 
C)  synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. 
D)  cease having any biological rhythms. 
E)  are independent of any genetic determinants.

Question 19

An injury to the occipital lobe will likely impair the function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary visual cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  optic chiasma. 
D)  sense of taste. 
E)  sense of touch. 
A)  primary visual cortex. 
B)  thalamus. 
C)  optic chiasma. 
D)  sense of taste. 
E)  sense of touch.

Question 20

Forming new long-term memories is strikingly disrupted after damage to the

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  somatosensory cortex. 
E)  primary motor cortex. 
A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  hippocampus. 
D)  somatosensory cortex. 
E)  primary motor cortex.

Exam 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a psychedelic drug that stimulates the reward pathway. Which of the following is a possible mechanism of how it affects neurons?

Exercise and emergency reactions include

The regulation of body temperature derives from the activity of the

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus. 1) transmission 2) transduction 3) perception 4) adaptation

A ligand for the umami receptor in the sense of taste is

The olfactory bulbs are located in the

An organism that lacks neurons that perform integration

The coordination of groups of skeletal muscles is driven by activity in the

Choose the correct match of brain structure with one of its primary functions.

Hunger and thirst are under the regulatory influence of the

The cerebrospinal fluid is

While on an African safari, you squint into the distance in order to get a better view of an elephant. What is happening in your eye to allow you to focus on the elephant?

Proteins coded by a very large family of related genes are active in the sensory transduction of

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observation that animals isolated from light and dark cues

An injury to the occipital lobe will likely impair the function of the

Forming new long-term memories is strikingly disrupted after damage to the

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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