Question 1

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction?
Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  NADH 
C)  lactate 
D)  pyruvate 
A)  oxygen 
B)  NADH 
C)  lactate 
D)  pyruvate

Question 2

Why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH, and later steps store an equal amount of energy in ATP and NAD+. 
B)  Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
C)  Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP. 
D)  Early steps consume energy from ATP, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
E)  Early steps consume energy from NADH, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
A)  Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH, and later steps store an equal amount of energy in ATP and NAD+. 
B)  Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
C)  Early steps consume energy from ATP and NADH and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP. 
D)  Early steps consume energy from ATP, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH. 
E)  Early steps consume energy from NADH, and later steps store an increased amount of energy in ATP and NADH.

Question 3

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytosol 
B)  outer mitochondrial membrane 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane 
D)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E)  mitochondrial matrix 
A)  cytosol 
B)  outer mitochondrial membrane 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane 
D)  mitochondrial intermembrane space 
E)  mitochondrial matrix

Question 4

During intense exercise, as skeletal muscle cells switch to fermentation, the human body will increase its catabolism of

Accepted Answer

A)  fats only. 
B)  carbohydrates only. 
C)  proteins only. 
D)  fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 
E)  fats and proteins only. 
A)  fats only. 
B)  carbohydrates only. 
C)  proteins only. 
D)  fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. 
E)  fats and proteins only.

Question 5

The complete reactions of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen (C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy) result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation of O₂ and reduction of H₂O 
B)  oxidation of C₆H₁₂O₆ and reduction of O₂ 
C)  reduction of CO₂ and oxidation of O₂ 
D)  reduction of C₆H₁₂O₆ and oxidation of CO₂ 
A)  oxidation of O₂ and reduction of H₂O 
B)  oxidation of C₆H₁₂O₆ and reduction of O₂ 
C)  reduction of CO₂ and oxidation of O₂ 
D)  reduction of C₆H₁₂O₆ and oxidation of CO₂

Question 6

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen 
B)  citric acid cycle → FADH₂ → electron transport chain → ATP 
C)  electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen 
D)  citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen 
E)  citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen 
A)  NADH → oxidative phosphorylation → ATP → oxygen 
B)  citric acid cycle → FADH₂ → electron transport chain → ATP 
C)  electron transport chain → citric acid cycle → ATP → oxygen 
D)  citric acid cycle → ATP → NADH → oxygen 
E)  citric acid cycle → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

Question 7

In bacteria, ATP synthase is located

Accepted Answer

A)  in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
B)  in the mitochondrial outer membrane. 
C)  in the cytoplasm. 
D)  in the plasma membrane. 
E)  in the bacterial outer membrane. 
A)  in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
B)  in the mitochondrial outer membrane. 
C)  in the cytoplasm. 
D)  in the plasma membrane. 
E)  in the bacterial outer membrane.

Question 8

A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol. How will this mutation affect these yeast cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mutant yeast will produce lactate under anaerobic conditions. 
B)  The mutant yeast will be unable to grow anaerobically. 
C)  The mutant yeast will be unable to grow aerobically. 
D)  The mutant yeast will grow anaerobically only when provided glucose. 
E)  The mutant yeast will be unable to metabolize glucose. 
A)  The mutant yeast will produce lactate under anaerobic conditions. 
B)  The mutant yeast will be unable to grow anaerobically. 
C)  The mutant yeast will be unable to grow aerobically. 
D)  The mutant yeast will grow anaerobically only when provided glucose. 
E)  The mutant yeast will be unable to metabolize glucose.

Question 9

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ 
B)  NADH 
C)  ATP 
D)  FAD 
E)  FADH₂ 
A)  NAD+ 
B)  NADH 
C)  ATP 
D)  FAD 
E)  FADH₂

Question 10

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  chemiosmosis 
A)  the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  the citric acid cycle 
C)  oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  glycolysis 
E)  chemiosmosis

Question 11

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂ and H₂O 
B)  CO₂ and pyruvate 
C)  NADH and pyruvate 
D)  CO₂ and NADH 
E)  H₂O, FADH₂, and citrate 
A)  CO₂ and H₂O 
B)  CO₂ and pyruvate 
C)  NADH and pyruvate 
D)  CO₂ and NADH 
E)  H₂O, FADH₂, and citrate

Question 12

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the glucose molecule becomes

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrolyzed. 
B)  hydrogenated. 
C)  oxidized. 
D)  reduced. 
E)  an oxidizing agent. 
A)  hydrolyzed. 
B)  hydrogenated. 
C)  oxidized. 
D)  reduced. 
E)  an oxidizing agent.

Question 13

In vertebrate animals, brown fat tissue's color is derived from abundant blood vessels and capillaries. White fat tissue, on the other hand, is specialized for fat storage and contains relatively few blood vessels or capillaries. Brown fat cells have a specialized protein that allows protons to diffuse across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following might be the function of the brown fat tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  to increase the rate of oxidative phosphorylation from its few mitochondria 
B)  to increase the metabolic rate when it is especially hot 
C)  to increase the rate of ATP production 
D)  to regulate temperature by converting most of the energy from NADH oxidation to heat 
A)  to increase the rate of oxidative phosphorylation from its few mitochondria 
B)  to increase the metabolic rate when it is especially hot 
C)  to increase the rate of ATP production 
D)  to regulate temperature by converting most of the energy from NADH oxidation to heat

Question 14

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation during the complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  30-32 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  30-32

Question 15

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the NAD+ molecule becomes

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydrogenated. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  reduced. 
D)  redoxed. 
E)  hydrolyzed. 
A)  dehydrogenated. 
B)  oxidized. 
C)  reduced. 
D)  redoxed. 
E)  hydrolyzed.

Question 16

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  15 
D)  30-32 
E)  60-64 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  15 
D)  30-32 
E)  60-64

Question 17

Which of the following occur(s) in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and fermentation 
B)  fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  glycolysis and fermentation 
B)  fermentation and chemiosmosis 
C)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
D)  citric acid cycle 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation

Question 18

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate,

Accepted Answer

A)  two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
B)  two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. 
C)  four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
D)  two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. 
A)  two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
B)  two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. 
C)  four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. 
D)  two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced.

Question 19

In the complete reactions of aerobic respiration, the energy for the majority of ATP synthesis is provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer of electrons from organic molecules to acetyl CoA. 
B)  high-energy phosphate bonds from organic molecule intermediates in the citric acid cycle. 
C)  splitting water to produce oxygen. 
D)  a proton gradient across a membrane. 
E)  the production of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. 
A)  transfer of electrons from organic molecules to acetyl CoA. 
B)  high-energy phosphate bonds from organic molecule intermediates in the citric acid cycle. 
C)  splitting water to produce oxygen. 
D)  a proton gradient across a membrane. 
E)  the production of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain.

Question 20

Metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  catabolic pathways. 
B)  anabolic pathways. 
C)  bioenergetic pathways. 
D)  endergonic pathways. 
A)  catabolic pathways. 
B)  anabolic pathways. 
C)  bioenergetic pathways. 
D)  endergonic pathways.

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+

Why is glycolysis described as having an energy investment phase and an energy payoff phase?

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

During intense exercise, as skeletal muscle cells switch to fermentation, the human body will increase its catabolism of

The complete reactions of cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen (C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + energy) result in which of the following?

Inside an active mitochondrion, most electrons follow which pathway?

In bacteria, ATP synthase is located

A mutation in yeast makes it unable to convert pyruvate to ethanol. How will this mutation affect these yeast cells?

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both cellular respiration and fermentation?

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the glucose molecule becomes

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation during the complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?

When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the NAD+ molecule becomes

Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in aerobic cellular respiration?

Which of the following occur(s) in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell?

In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate,

In the complete reactions of aerobic respiration, the energy for the majority of ATP synthesis is provided by

Metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules are known as

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

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Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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