Question 1

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the highest energy level?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ 
B)  NADH 
C)  ATP 
D)  FAD 
E)  FADH₂ 
A)  NAD+ 
B)  NADH 
C)  ATP 
D)  FAD 
E)  FADH₂

Question 2

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ℗i to ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system 
B)  energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation 
C)  energy released from dehydration synthesis reactions 
D)  energy released from movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase 
A)  energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system 
B)  energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation 
C)  energy released from dehydration synthesis reactions 
D)  energy released from movement of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase

Question 3

An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism

Accepted Answer

A)  is photosynthetic. 
B)  is a normal member of the animal kingdom. 
C)  must utilize a molecule other than oxygen to accept electrons from the electron transport chain. 
D)  is a facultative anaerobe. 
E)  is an obligate anaerobe. 
A)  is photosynthetic. 
B)  is a normal member of the animal kingdom. 
C)  must utilize a molecule other than oxygen to accept electrons from the electron transport chain. 
D)  is a facultative anaerobe. 
E)  is an obligate anaerobe.

Question 4

Chemiosmosis is used to synthesize ATP in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  only in mitochondria in animal cells 
B)  only in bacteria that generate proton gradients across their plasma membranes 
C)  only in mitochondria and chloroplasts 
D)  only in mitochondria and bacteria that generate proton gradients across their plasma membranes 
E)  in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria that generate proton gradients across their plasma membranes 
A)  only in mitochondria in animal cells 
B)  only in bacteria that generate proton gradients across their plasma membranes 
C)  only in mitochondria and chloroplasts 
D)  only in mitochondria and bacteria that generate proton gradients across their plasma membranes 
E)  in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and bacteria that generate proton gradients across their plasma membranes

Question 5

The energy used to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP hydrolysis. 
B)  redox reactions in the electron transport chain. 
C)  decreasing the pH in the mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  splitting water to form oxygen and protons. 
A)  ATP hydrolysis. 
B)  redox reactions in the electron transport chain. 
C)  decreasing the pH in the mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  splitting water to form oxygen and protons.

Question 6

The ATP produced in the citric acid cycle is generated by

Accepted Answer

A)  chemiosmosis. 
B)  electron transport. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
A)  chemiosmosis. 
B)  electron transport. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 7

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1) loses a carbon, (2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound, which (3) is covalently bound to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl CoA, CO₂, and ATP. 
B)  acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and CO₂. 
C)  acetyl CoA, NADH, H2, and CO₂. 
D)  acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO₂. 
E)  acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO₂. 
A)  acetyl CoA, CO₂, and ATP. 
B)  acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and CO₂. 
C)  acetyl CoA, NADH, H2, and CO₂. 
D)  acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO₂. 
E)  acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO₂.

Question 8

Figure 7.1
-Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ATP, 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH₂ 
B)  2 ATP, 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
C)  3 ATP, 3 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
D)  3 ATP, 6 CO₂, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
E)  36 ATP, 6 CO₂, 6 NADH, and 6 FADH₂ 
A)  1 ATP, 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH₂ 
B)  2 ATP, 2 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
C)  3 ATP, 3 CO₂, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
D)  3 ATP, 6 CO₂, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH₂ 
E)  36 ATP, 6 CO₂, 6 NADH, and 6 FADH₂

Question 9

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle 
C)  the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  glycolysis and the citric acid cycle 
A)  glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA 
B)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle 
C)  the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

Question 10

What fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle, if glucose is the sole energy source?

Accepted Answer

A)  1/6 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
E)  all of it 
A)  1/6 
B)  1/3 
C)  1/2 
D)  2/3 
E)  all of it

Question 11

Figure 7.1
-For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1), what is the total number of NADH + FADH₂ molecules produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  10 
E)  12 
A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  10 
E)  12

Question 12

Figure 7.1
-For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) completely oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  12 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  6 
E)  12

Question 13

The ATP produced in glycolysis is generated by

Accepted Answer

A)  chemiosmosis. 
B)  electron transport. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
A)  chemiosmosis. 
B)  electron transport. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  substrate-level phosphorylation.

Question 14

Figure 7.2
-Which of the following is an accurate description of the events that occur along the electron transport chain depicted in Figure 7.2?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP is generated directly at three points in the pathway. 
B)  Electron transfer is directly coupled to chemiosmosis. 
C)  Each electron transfer between carriers results in oxidation of one carrier and reduction of another. 
D)  The potential energy of electrons increases at each step in the pathway. 
A)  ATP is generated directly at three points in the pathway. 
B)  Electron transfer is directly coupled to chemiosmosis. 
C)  Each electron transfer between carriers results in oxidation of one carrier and reduction of another. 
D)  The potential energy of electrons increases at each step in the pathway.

Question 15

Glycolysis results in a net production of which of the following from each molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
B)  4 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP 
C)  2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
D)  6 CO₂, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
E)  6 CO₂, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP 
A)  2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
B)  4 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP 
C)  2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
D)  6 CO₂, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP 
E)  6 CO₂, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP

Question 16

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are

Accepted Answer

A)  2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
B)  2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
C)  2 FADH₂, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP. 
D)  6 CO₂, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
E)  6 CO₂, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP. 
A)  2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
B)  2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
C)  2 FADH₂, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP. 
D)  6 CO₂, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP. 
E)  6 CO₂, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP.

Question 17

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  lactate fermentation. 
D)  electron transport. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  lactate fermentation. 
D)  electron transport.

Question 18

Figure 7.2
-Figure 7.2 shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is initially added to the chain with the highest free energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  FADH₂ 
C)  NADH 
D)  CO₂ 
E)  water 
A)  oxygen 
B)  FADH₂ 
C)  NADH 
D)  CO₂ 
E)  water

Question 19

Yeast cells with defective mitochondria are incapable of cellular respiration. These cells will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  proteins 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  pyruvate 
A)  glucose 
B)  proteins 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  pyruvate

Question 20

How do the catabolic products of beta oxidation enter into the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  as pyruvate 
B)  as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 
C)  as CO₂ 
D)  as acetyl CoA 
E)  as glycerol 
A)  as pyruvate 
B)  as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 
C)  as CO₂ 
D)  as acetyl CoA 
E)  as glycerol

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the highest energy level?

In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + ℗i to ATP?

An organism is discovered that thrives in both the presence and absence of oxygen in the air. Curiously, the consumption of sugar increases as oxygen is removed from the organism's environment, even though the organism does not gain much weight. This organism

Chemiosmosis is used to synthesize ATP in which of the following?

The energy used to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space is derived from

The ATP produced in the citric acid cycle is generated by

In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate (1) loses a carbon, (2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound, which (3) is covalently bound to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the formation of

Figure 7.1 -Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

What fraction of the carbon dioxide exhaled by animals is generated by the reactions of the citric acid cycle, if glucose is the sole energy source?

Figure 7.1 -For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1), what is the total number of NADH + FADH₂ molecules produced?

Figure 7.1 -For each mole of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) completely oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO₂ are released in the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

The ATP produced in glycolysis is generated by

Figure 7.2 -Which of the following is an accurate description of the events that occur along the electron transport chain depicted in Figure 7.2?

Glycolysis results in a net production of which of the following from each molecule of glucose?

Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are

Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Figure 7.2 -Figure 7.2 shows the electron transport chain. Which of the following is initially added to the chain with the highest free energy?

Yeast cells with defective mitochondria are incapable of cellular respiration. These cells will be able to grow by catabolizing which of the following carbon sources for energy?

How do the catabolic products of beta oxidation enter into the citric acid cycle?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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