Question 1

If plants are grown with H₂O containing heavy oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O first appears in which of the following molecules produced by the algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  O₂ 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
C)  glucose 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
E)  CO₂ 
A)  O₂ 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
C)  glucose 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
E)  CO₂

Question 2

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pH within the thylakoid is lower than that of the stroma. 
B)  The pH of the stroma is lower than that of either the thylakoid space or cytosol. 
C)  The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that of either the stroma or cytosol. 
D)  The pH of the stroma is higher than that of either the thylakoid space or cytosol. 
A)  The pH within the thylakoid is lower than that of the stroma. 
B)  The pH of the stroma is lower than that of either the thylakoid space or cytosol. 
C)  The pH of the thylakoid space is higher than that of either the stroma or cytosol. 
D)  The pH of the stroma is higher than that of either the thylakoid space or cytosol.

Question 3

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  cellular respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration. 
A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  cellular respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor cellular respiration.

Question 4

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B)  They keep their stomata open most of the time in hot, dry climates, which allows for water loss to prevent photorespiration. 
C)  They keep their stomata closed most of the time in hot, dry climates, which conserves water and oxygen to inhibit photorespiration. 
D)  They do not use rubisco to fix CO₂. 
E)  They exclude oxygen from their tissues. 
A)  They do not participate in the Calvin cycle. 
B)  They keep their stomata open most of the time in hot, dry climates, which allows for water loss to prevent photorespiration. 
C)  They keep their stomata closed most of the time in hot, dry climates, which conserves water and oxygen to inhibit photorespiration. 
D)  They do not use rubisco to fix CO₂. 
E)  They exclude oxygen from their tissues.

Question 5

What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO₂ concentration was doubled?

Accepted Answer

A)  All plants will experience increased rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will be minimally affected. 
C)  C4 plants will have faster growth; C3 plants will be minimally affected. 
D)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will have slower growth. 
A)  All plants will experience increased rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will be minimally affected. 
C)  C4 plants will have faster growth; C3 plants will be minimally affected. 
D)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will have slower growth.

Question 6

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He found that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-An outcome of this experiment was to help determine the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. 
B)  wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. 
C)  wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. 
D)  wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis. 
A)  heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. 
B)  wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. 
C)  wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. 
D)  wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.

Question 7

Which of the following events occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADP+ is produced. 
B)  ATP is consumed to yield ADP. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is fixed in organic molecules. 
D)  Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a. 
A)  NADP+ is produced. 
B)  ATP is consumed to yield ADP. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is fixed in organic molecules. 
D)  Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.

Question 8

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  reactions initiated in photosystem I. 
B)  reactions initiated in photosystem II. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  reactions initiated in photosystem I. 
B)  reactions initiated in photosystem II. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 9

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing NADP+. 
B)  splitting water molecules. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  electron transfer in photosystem I. 
E)  electron transfer in photosystem II. 
A)  reducing NADP+. 
B)  splitting water molecules. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  electron transfer in photosystem I. 
E)  electron transfer in photosystem II.

Question 10

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The isolated chloroplasts will produce ATP. 
B)  The isolated chloroplasts will make glucose. 
C)  Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D)  The isolated chloroplasts will generate oxygen gas. 
E)  The isolated chloroplasts will reduce NADP+ to NADPH. 
A)  The isolated chloroplasts will produce ATP. 
B)  The isolated chloroplasts will make glucose. 
C)  Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D)  The isolated chloroplasts will generate oxygen gas. 
E)  The isolated chloroplasts will reduce NADP+ to NADPH.

Question 11

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ containing heavy oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O is absent from which of the following molecules produced by the algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  O₂ 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
C)  glucose 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
A)  O₂ 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
C)  glucose 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)

Question 12

In C3 photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place in

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle.

Question 13

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they

Accepted Answer

A)  fix CO₂ into organic acids during the night when temperatures are cooler. 
B)  fix CO₂ into organic acids in the bundle-sheath cells, which do not rely on stomata. 
C)  fix CO₂ into organic acids in the mesophyll cells, which do not rely on stomata. 
D)  fix CO₂ into by combining it with RuBP in the Calvin cycle. 
E)  obtain CO₂ through their roots during the day. 
A)  fix CO₂ into organic acids during the night when temperatures are cooler. 
B)  fix CO₂ into organic acids in the bundle-sheath cells, which do not rely on stomata. 
C)  fix CO₂ into organic acids in the mesophyll cells, which do not rely on stomata. 
D)  fix CO₂ into by combining it with RuBP in the Calvin cycle. 
E)  obtain CO₂ through their roots during the day.

Question 14

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  cellular respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 
D)  photophosphorylation only. 
A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  cellular respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 
D)  photophosphorylation only.

Question 15

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco combines RuBP with

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂. 
B)  O₂. 
C)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D)  citrate. 
E)  NADPH. 
A)  CO₂. 
B)  O₂. 
C)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. 
D)  citrate. 
E)  NADPH.

Question 16

Which of the following activities is associated with photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. 
B)  Electrons released from the P680 chlorophyll are replaced by electrons derived from water. 
C)  The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of electrons directly to NADP+, producing NADPH. 
D)  Electrons are passed from the P680 chlorophyll to molecular oxygen (O₂). 
A)  Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. 
B)  Electrons released from the P680 chlorophyll are replaced by electrons derived from water. 
C)  The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of electrons directly to NADP+, producing NADPH. 
D)  Electrons are passed from the P680 chlorophyll to molecular oxygen (O₂).

Question 17

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He found that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-What would you predict would happen if you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism?

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacteria would congregate toward the middle of the algal filament. 
B)  The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filament. 
C)  The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
D)  The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
E)  The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature along the length of the algal filament. 
A)  The bacteria would congregate toward the middle of the algal filament. 
B)  The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filament. 
C)  The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
D)  The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
E)  The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature along the length of the algal filament.

Question 18

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ containing heavy oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O first appears in which of the following molecules produced by the algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  O₂ 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
C)  glucose 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
E)  3-phosphoglycerate 
A)  O₂ 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) 
C)  glucose 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) 
E)  3-phosphoglycerate

Question 19

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ to the light reactions. 
B)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. 
C)  The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO₂ to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. 
D)  The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for carbon fixation, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. 
A)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle returns ADP, ℗i, and NADP+ to the light reactions. 
B)  The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the carbon fixation step of the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle provides water and electrons to the light reactions. 
C)  The light reactions supply the Calvin cycle with CO₂ to produce sugars, and the Calvin cycle supplies the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP. 
D)  The light reactions provide the Calvin cycle with oxygen for carbon fixation, and the Calvin cycle provides the light reactions with sugars to produce ATP.

Question 20

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions of photosynthesis only. 
B)  the Calvin cycle only. 
C)  cellular respiration only. 
D)  both the light reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 
E)  both the light reactions of photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle. 
A)  the light reactions of photosynthesis only. 
B)  the Calvin cycle only. 
C)  cellular respiration only. 
D)  both the light reactions of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 
E)  both the light reactions of photosynthesis and the Calvin cycle.

Exam 8: Photosynthesis

If plants are grown with H₂O containing heavy oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O first appears in which of the following molecules produced by the algae?

The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as have the pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find?

Generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during

Why are C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?

What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO₂ concentration was doubled?

Which of the following events occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ containing heavy oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O is absent from which of the following molecules produced by the algae?

In C3 photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place in

CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco combines RuBP with

Which of the following activities is associated with photosystem II?

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO₂ containing heavy oxygen (18O), subsequent analysis will show that 18O first appears in which of the following molecules produced by the algae?

Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle?

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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