Exam 11: Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Evidence of the importance of the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine comes from a rare,fatal disease in which the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion is mutated.Symptoms of the disease are skin abnormalities,bone marrow failure and elevated susceptibility to cancer.The name of the disease is _________.

Beadle and Tatum's research suggested that __________.

What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into the small,double-stranded fragments known as small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

What chemical group is attached to the first methionine in a polypeptide chain in prokaryotes?

Modifications to the nucleotides of pre-rRNAs are made _________?

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs _________.

The surfaces of the two ribosomal subunits that face one another contain the binding sites for the mRNA and incoming tRNAs and are thus of key importance for the function of the ribosomes.The fact that these surfaces consist largely of RNA supports what proposal?

A pri-mRNA is cleaved within the nucleus by an enzyme called _______ into a shorter,double-stranded,hairpin-shaped precursor called a ________.

The nucleotide at which transcription is initiated is called _____.

Cells from a tremendously weakened embryo are examined and found to have seriously depleted levels of a number of tRNAs.If the defect resides in an RNA polymerase,which polymerase is most likely to be affected?

If there were one tRNA for every codon that codes for an amino acid,how many different tRNAs should there be?

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

Where is the RNA polymerase II phosphorylated during its activation?

What was the new name of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis after it was discovered that some enzymes were composed of more than one polypeptide chain?

What evidence shows that the genetic code is not overlapping?

RNA polymerase II promoters are located on the ____ side of each transcription unit.

Which of the following is not a normal property of eukaryotic mRNAs?

What is the name of the RNA-degrading machine that consists of nearly a dozen different exonucleases and is thought to execute some of the enzymatic cleavages that occur during pre-rRNA processing?

What did Beadle and Tatum use to generate mutations in their experimental organism?

How would you describe the arrangement of the 5S rRNA genes?