Question 1

Gap is filled by DNA polymerase ;it inserts a nucleotide complementary to the undamaged strand.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 - 3 - 2 - 5 - 4 
B) 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 
C) 1 - 3 - 2 - 4 - 5 
D) 3 - 2 - 1 - 5 - 4 
E) 3 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 4 
A) 1 - 3 - 2 - 5 - 4 
B) 3 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 5 
C) 1 - 3 - 2 - 4 - 5 
D) 3 - 2 - 1 - 5 - 4 
E) 3 - 1 - 2 - 5 - 4 E

Question 2

Which type of replication results in 2 duplexes made of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand?

Accepted Answer

A) semiconservative replication 
B) conservative replication 
C) dispersive replication 
D) incisive replication 
E) reservative replication 
A) semiconservative replication 
B) conservative replication 
C) dispersive replication 
D) incisive replication 
E) reservative replication A

Question 3

Cultured mammalian cells grown in thymidine for many generations were allowed to undergo replication in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU),which replaces thymidine in DNA.After two rounds of replication,what does the DNA look like?

Accepted Answer

A) All chromatids have one strand that contains BrdU and one strand that does not. 
B) All chromatids have two strands that contain BrdU. 
C) Half of the chromatids have two strands that contain BrdU and half of the chromatids have 2 strands lacking BrdU. 
D) Both strands of each chromatid contain mixtures of BrdU and thymidine. 
E) Half of the chromatids have two strands that contain BrdU and half of the chromatids have 1 strand lacking BrdU and one strand containing BrdU. 
A) All chromatids have one strand that contains BrdU and one strand that does not. 
B) All chromatids have two strands that contain BrdU. 
C) Half of the chromatids have two strands that contain BrdU and half of the chromatids have 2 strands lacking BrdU. 
D) Both strands of each chromatid contain mixtures of BrdU and thymidine. 
E) Half of the chromatids have two strands that contain BrdU and half of the chromatids have 1 strand lacking BrdU and one strand containing BrdU. E

Question 4

What is the most common mechanism for repairing damage to DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) direct repair of the damage 
B) selective excision of the damaged section and use of the complementary strand to replace the excised portion 
C) simple removal of damaged portion without replacement 
D) simplistic repair of the damage 
E) altruistic repair of the damage 
A) direct repair of the damage 
B) selective excision of the damaged section and use of the complementary strand to replace the excised portion 
C) simple removal of damaged portion without replacement 
D) simplistic repair of the damage 
E) altruistic repair of the damage

Question 5

What is the probability that in E.coli an incorrect nucleotide will be incorporated into DNA during replication and remain there?

Accepted Answer

A) fewer than 1 in 1 billion nucleotides 
B) about 1 in 1000 nucleotides 
C) fewer than 1 in about 4 million nucleotides 
D) about 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides 
E) about 1 in 10,000 nucleotides 
A) fewer than 1 in 1 billion nucleotides 
B) about 1 in 1000 nucleotides 
C) fewer than 1 in about 4 million nucleotides 
D) about 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides 
E) about 1 in 10,000 nucleotides

Question 6

After exonucleases have excised the damaged portion of DNA,how can DNA polymerase fill in the gap? Is there a primer?

Accepted Answer

The free 3'-hydroxyl group at

Question 7

Why is an intact,linear double helix an ineffective template for DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group,but lacks a template. 
B) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group,but has a template. 
C) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group and a template. 
D) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group and has a template. 
E) It lacks a 5'-hydroxyl group and has a template. 
A) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group,but lacks a template. 
B) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group,but has a template. 
C) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group and a template. 
D) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group and has a template. 
E) It lacks a 5'-hydroxyl group and has a template.

Question 8

The DNA polymerases in a relatively large family of polymerases in which each member is specialized for incorporating nucleotides opposite particular types of DNA lesions in the template strand engage in a type of DNA synthesis called __________.They have an unusually spacious active site that ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) translesion synthesis,unwinds DNA double helices 
B) translesion synthesis;is able to physically accommodate altered nucleotides that would not fit in the active site of a replicative polymerase 
C) transdimensional synthesis;incorporates the nucleotide that would have paired with the undamaged version of the template base 
D) transdimensional synthesis;unwinds DNA synthesis 
E) transliteral synthesis;is able to physically accommodate altered nucleotides that would not fit in the active site of a replicative polymerase 
A) translesion synthesis,unwinds DNA double helices 
B) translesion synthesis;is able to physically accommodate altered nucleotides that would not fit in the active site of a replicative polymerase 
C) transdimensional synthesis;incorporates the nucleotide that would have paired with the undamaged version of the template base 
D) transdimensional synthesis;unwinds DNA synthesis 
E) transliteral synthesis;is able to physically accommodate altered nucleotides that would not fit in the active site of a replicative polymerase

Question 9

What is responsible for joining eukaryotic Okazaki fragments together?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase 
B) DNA polymerase $\beta$ 
C) DNA polymerase  $\delta$ 
D) DNA polymerase $\varepsilon$ 
E) RNase H1 
A) DNA ligase 
B) DNA polymerase $\beta$ 
C) DNA polymerase  $\delta$ 
D) DNA polymerase $\varepsilon$ 
E) RNase H1

Question 10

The DNA polymerase can incorporate the wrong nucleotide occasionally.What is the probability that the wrong nucleotide is incorporated into the growing polynucleotide chain during replication?

Accepted Answer

A) fewer than 1 in 1 billion nucleotides 
B) about 1 in 1000 nucleotides 
C) fewer than 1 in about 4 million nucleotides 
D) about 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides 
E) about 1 in 10,000 nucleotides 
A) fewer than 1 in 1 billion nucleotides 
B) about 1 in 1000 nucleotides 
C) fewer than 1 in about 4 million nucleotides 
D) about 1 in 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides 
E) about 1 in 10,000 nucleotides

Question 11

Which type of DNA repair removes via a cut-and-patch mechanism a variety of bulky lesions,like pyrimidine dimers and nucleotides to which various chemical groups have been attached?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide excision repair 
B) base excision repair 
C) mismatch repair 
D) double-strand breakage repair 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) nucleotide excision repair 
B) base excision repair 
C) mismatch repair 
D) double-strand breakage repair 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 12

The clamp loader that loads PCNA onto DNA is called _______ and is analogous to the E.coli DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex.

Accepted Answer

A) RFC 
B) KFC 
C) NBC 
D) TLC 
E) SEC 
A) RFC 
B) KFC 
C) NBC 
D) TLC 
E) SEC

Question 13

The _______ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the ___- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

Accepted Answer

A) leading,5' 
B) lagging,5' 
C) leading,3' 
D) lagging,3' 
E) lagging,N-terminal 
A) leading,5' 
B) lagging,5' 
C) leading,3' 
D) lagging,3' 
E) lagging,N-terminal

Question 14

Why is a single-stranded,circular DNA an ineffective template for DNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group,but lacks a template. 
B) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group,but has a template. 
C) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group and a template. 
D) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group and has a template. 
E) It lacks a 5'-hydroxyl group and has a template. 
A) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group,but lacks a template. 
B) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group,but has a template. 
C) It lacks a 3'-hydroxyl group and a template. 
D) It has a 3'-hydroxyl group and has a template. 
E) It lacks a 5'-hydroxyl group and has a template.

Question 15

Which DNA polymerase in bacteria synthesizes DNA strands during replication and forms part of a complex that serves as a large replication machine?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA polymerase II 
C) DNA polymerase III 
D) DNA polymerase IV 
E) both DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III 
A) DNA polymerase I 
B) DNA polymerase II 
C) DNA polymerase III 
D) DNA polymerase IV 
E) both DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase III

Question 16

What evidence below suggested that the sequence of DNA was unimportant in the timing of replication?

Accepted Answer

A) The inactive,heterochromatized X chromosome in female mammals replicates late in S phase,while the active euchromatic X chromosome replicates at an earlier stage. 
B) The inactive,heterochromatized X chromosome in female mammals replicates early in S phase,while the active euchromatic X chromosome replicates at a later stage. 
C) The inactive,heterochromatized X chromosome in female mammals replicates late in M phase,while the active euchromatic X chromosome replicates at an earlier stage. 
D) Incorporation of radioactive DNA precursors in replicating cells begins over heterochromatic regions in the nucleus. 
E) Incorporation of radioactive DNA precursors in replicating cells ends over heterochromatic regions in the nucleus. 
A) The inactive,heterochromatized X chromosome in female mammals replicates late in S phase,while the active euchromatic X chromosome replicates at an earlier stage. 
B) The inactive,heterochromatized X chromosome in female mammals replicates early in S phase,while the active euchromatic X chromosome replicates at a later stage. 
C) The inactive,heterochromatized X chromosome in female mammals replicates late in M phase,while the active euchromatic X chromosome replicates at an earlier stage. 
D) Incorporation of radioactive DNA precursors in replicating cells begins over heterochromatic regions in the nucleus. 
E) Incorporation of radioactive DNA precursors in replicating cells ends over heterochromatic regions in the nucleus.

Question 17

During replication,DNA is constructed in small segments called ________ that are rapidly linked to longer pieces of DNA synthesized earlier.

Accepted Answer

A) Watson fragments 
B) Tokyo fragments 
C) Osaka fragments 
D) Okazaki fragments 
E) Ouabain fragments 
A) Watson fragments 
B) Tokyo fragments 
C) Osaka fragments 
D) Okazaki fragments 
E) Ouabain fragments

Question 18

Since one strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication and the other is made discontinuously,replication is said to be ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) continuous 
B) hemicontinuous 
C) discontinuous 
D) semidiscontinuous 
E) semicontinuous 
A) continuous 
B) hemicontinuous 
C) discontinuous 
D) semidiscontinuous 
E) semicontinuous

Question 19

What is the name of the noncatalytic component of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme that keeps the polymerase associated with the DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A) $\beta$-pleated sheet 
B) $\alpha$-helix 
C) $\beta$ clamp 
D) $\alpha$ clamp 
E) $\gamma$ clamp 
A) $\beta$-pleated sheet 
B) $\alpha$-helix 
C) $\beta$ clamp 
D) $\alpha$ clamp 
E) $\gamma$ clamp

Question 20

Strand initiation during replication is carried out by an enzyme that makes a short RNA molecule that is used as a primer;the enzyme is a distinct type of RNA polymerase,called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA gyrase 
B) RNA ligase 
C) ribonuclease 
D) primase 
E) deoxyribonuclease 
A) RNA gyrase 
B) RNA ligase 
C) ribonuclease 
D) primase 
E) deoxyribonuclease

Gap is filled by DNA polymerase ;it inserts a nucleotide complementary to the undamaged strand.

Which type of replication results in 2 duplexes made of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand?

Cultured mammalian cells grown in thymidine for many generations were allowed to undergo replication in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU),which replaces thymidine in DNA.After two rounds of replication,what does the DNA look like?

What is the most common mechanism for repairing damage to DNA?

What is the probability that in E.coli an incorrect nucleotide will be incorporated into DNA during replication and remain there?

After exonucleases have excised the damaged portion of DNA,how can DNA polymerase fill in the gap? Is there a primer?

Why is an intact,linear double helix an ineffective template for DNA polymerase?

The DNA polymerases in a relatively large family of polymerases in which each member is specialized for incorporating nucleotides opposite particular types of DNA lesions in the template strand engage in a type of DNA synthesis called .They have an unusually spacious active site that __.

What is responsible for joining eukaryotic Okazaki fragments together?

The DNA polymerase can incorporate the wrong nucleotide occasionally.What is the probability that the wrong nucleotide is incorporated into the growing polynucleotide chain during replication?

Which type of DNA repair removes via a cut-and-patch mechanism a variety of bulky lesions,like pyrimidine dimers and nucleotides to which various chemical groups have been attached?

The clamp loader that loads PCNA onto DNA is called _______ and is analogous to the E.coli DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex.

The _____ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the _- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

Why is a single-stranded,circular DNA an ineffective template for DNA polymerase?

Which DNA polymerase in bacteria synthesizes DNA strands during replication and forms part of a complex that serves as a large replication machine?

What evidence below suggested that the sequence of DNA was unimportant in the timing of replication?

During replication,DNA is constructed in small segments called ________ that are rapidly linked to longer pieces of DNA synthesized earlier.

Since one strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication and the other is made discontinuously,replication is said to be ___________.

What is the name of the noncatalytic component of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme that keeps the polymerase associated with the DNA template?

Strand initiation during replication is carried out by an enzyme that makes a short RNA molecule that is used as a primer;the enzyme is a distinct type of RNA polymerase,called _______.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 13: Dna Replication and Repair

Gap is filled by DNA polymerase ;it inserts a nucleotide complementary to the undamaged strand.

Which type of replication results in 2 duplexes made of one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand?

Cultured mammalian cells grown in thymidine for many generations were allowed to undergo replication in the presence of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU),which replaces thymidine in DNA.After two rounds of replication,what does the DNA look like?

What is the most common mechanism for repairing damage to DNA?

What is the probability that in E.coli an incorrect nucleotide will be incorporated into DNA during replication and remain there?

After exonucleases have excised the damaged portion of DNA,how can DNA polymerase fill in the gap? Is there a primer?

Why is an intact,linear double helix an ineffective template for DNA polymerase?

What is responsible for joining eukaryotic Okazaki fragments together?

The DNA polymerase can incorporate the wrong nucleotide occasionally.What is the probability that the wrong nucleotide is incorporated into the growing polynucleotide chain during replication?

Which type of DNA repair removes via a cut-and-patch mechanism a variety of bulky lesions,like pyrimidine dimers and nucleotides to which various chemical groups have been attached?

The clamp loader that loads PCNA onto DNA is called _______ and is analogous to the E.coli DNA polymerase III clamp loader complex.

The _______ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the ___- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.

Why is a single-stranded,circular DNA an ineffective template for DNA polymerase?

Which DNA polymerase in bacteria synthesizes DNA strands during replication and forms part of a complex that serves as a large replication machine?

What evidence below suggested that the sequence of DNA was unimportant in the timing of replication?

During replication,DNA is constructed in small segments called ________ that are rapidly linked to longer pieces of DNA synthesized earlier.

Since one strand of DNA is synthesized continuously during replication and the other is made discontinuously,replication is said to be ___________.

What is the name of the noncatalytic component of the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme that keeps the polymerase associated with the DNA template?

Strand initiation during replication is carried out by an enzyme that makes a short RNA molecule that is used as a primer;the enzyme is a distinct type of RNA polymerase,called _______.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The _____ strand fragment grows away from the replication fork toward the _- end of the previously synthesized fragment to which it is subsequently linked.