Question 1

Which of the following drugs is often used to help prevent rejection of a tissue transplant?

Accepted Answer

A) penicillin 
B) cycloheximide 
C) cyclosporin A 
D) streptomycin 
E) acetylsalicylic acid 
A) penicillin 
B) cycloheximide 
C) cyclosporin A 
D) streptomycin 
E) acetylsalicylic acid

Question 2

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

Accepted Answer

A) V,D and J segments 
B) V and J segments 
C) D and J segments 
D) V,M and J segments 
E) V,D,M and J segments 
A) V,D and J segments 
B) V and J segments 
C) D and J segments 
D) V,M and J segments 
E) V,D,M and J segments

Question 3

What is formed when a V coding segment is joined to a J coding segment during DNA rearrangement to form an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) an exon that encodes the constant region of the polypeptide chain 
B) an intron that encodes the constant region of the polypeptide chain 
C) an exon that encodes the variable region of the polypeptide chain 
D) an intron that encodes the variable region of the polypeptide chain 
E) an exon that encodes the constant region of the deoxyribonucleotide chain 
A) an exon that encodes the constant region of the polypeptide chain 
B) an intron that encodes the constant region of the polypeptide chain 
C) an exon that encodes the variable region of the polypeptide chain 
D) an intron that encodes the variable region of the polypeptide chain 
E) an exon that encodes the constant region of the deoxyribonucleotide chain

Question 4

What process is probably responsible for the origin of the three parts of the constant portion of the IgG heavy chain?

Accepted Answer

A) inversion of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
B) duplication of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
C) deletion of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
D) point mutation of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
E) nonsense mutation of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
A) inversion of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
B) duplication of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
C) deletion of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
D) point mutation of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long 
E) nonsense mutation of an ancestral gene coding for an Ig unit about 110 amino acids long

Question 5

Which antibodies have no clear function?

Accepted Answer

A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs 
A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs

Question 6

Some of the activated B cells remain in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly at a later date if the antigen reappears in the body.Such cells are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) memory B cells 
B) activation B cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells 
A) memory B cells 
B) activation B cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells

Question 7

What is responsible for degrading antigens located in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells into short peptides?

Accepted Answer

A) uncomplexed proteases floating free in the cytoplasm 
B) proteases that are part of proteasomes 
C) proteases embedded in the nuclear membrane 
D) the acidic environment of the lysosome lumen 
E) hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosomal lumen 
A) uncomplexed proteases floating free in the cytoplasm 
B) proteases that are part of proteasomes 
C) proteases embedded in the nuclear membrane 
D) the acidic environment of the lysosome lumen 
E) hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosomal lumen

Question 8

What is a leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A) a red blood cell 
B) a platelet 
C) a white blood cell 
D) a complement protein 
E) an hepatocyte 
A) a red blood cell 
B) a platelet 
C) a white blood cell 
D) a complement protein 
E) an hepatocyte

Question 9

A complete $\kappa$V gene is formed as a specific V$\kappa$ gene is joined to one of the J$\kappa$ segments with the intervening DNA excised;the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) V(
D) J polymerase 
B) V(
D) J recombinase 
C) V(
D) J joinase 
D) V(
D) J ligase 
E) ligandase 
A) V(
D) J polymerase 
B) V(
D) J recombinase 
C) V(
D) J joinase 
D) V(
D) J ligase 
E) ligandase

Question 10

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of Tregcells?

Accepted Answer

A) IPEX 
B) IBEX 
C) multiple sclerosis 
D) sudden infant death syndrome 
E) Tay-Sachs disease 
A) IPEX 
B) IBEX 
C) multiple sclerosis 
D) sudden infant death syndrome 
E) Tay-Sachs disease

Question 11

What subfamily of small cytokines acts primarily as chemoattractants that stimulate the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) minicytokines 
B) interleukins 
C) chemokines 
D) interferons 
E) tumor necrosis factors 
A) minicytokines 
B) interleukins 
C) chemokines 
D) interferons 
E) tumor necrosis factors

Question 12

_________ screen body cells for aged,infected and,in some cases,malignant cells and,if such cells are detected,they are attacked and killed.

Accepted Answer

A) Helper T lymphocytes 
B) Inhibitory T lymphocytes 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) Regulatory T lymphocytes 
E) B lymphocytes 
A) Helper T lymphocytes 
B) Inhibitory T lymphocytes 
C) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) Regulatory T lymphocytes 
E) B lymphocytes

Question 13

Why are so many different antibodies able to be made by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A) because mistakes are made during translation 
B) because mistakes are made during transcription 
C) because mistakes are made during reverse transcription 
D) because thousands of different DNA rearrangements are possible 
E) because thousands of different mRNA alterations are possible 
A) because mistakes are made during translation 
B) because mistakes are made during transcription 
C) because mistakes are made during reverse transcription 
D) because thousands of different DNA rearrangements are possible 
E) because thousands of different mRNA alterations are possible

Question 14

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional VH segments,25 different DH segments and 6 JH segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies.Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments,how many different heavy chains could be made?

Accepted Answer

A) 7650 
B) 765 
C) 82 
D) 820 
E) 76,820 
A) 7650 
B) 765 
C) 82 
D) 820 
E) 76,820

Question 15

The HLA-B*35 MHC allele ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is associated with rapid progression to full-blown AIDS 
B) correlates with resistance to a certain type of malaria 
C) correlates with resistance a hepatitis B infection 
D) correlates with resistance to a certain type of influenza virus 
E) extreme susceptibility to the Ebola virus 
A) is associated with rapid progression to full-blown AIDS 
B) correlates with resistance to a certain type of malaria 
C) correlates with resistance a hepatitis B infection 
D) correlates with resistance to a certain type of influenza virus 
E) extreme susceptibility to the Ebola virus

Question 16

In some cases,the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) receptor rearrangement 
B) receptor editing 
C) receptor stimulation 
D) receptor costimulation 
E) receptor subtraction 
A) receptor rearrangement 
B) receptor editing 
C) receptor stimulation 
D) receptor costimulation 
E) receptor subtraction

Question 17

Which bonds are largely responsible for holding the chains of an immunoglobulin together?

Accepted Answer

A) H bonds 
B) ionic bonds 
C) van der Waals forces 
D) disulfide bonds 
E) hydrophobic interactions 
A) H bonds 
B) ionic bonds 
C) van der Waals forces 
D) disulfide bonds 
E) hydrophobic interactions

Question 18

What is the name of the type of cell that serves as the direct precursor cell for both B cells and T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) hematopelagic stem cells 
B) the fertilized egg 
C) the hematopoietic stem cell 
D) the pluripotent hepatologic stem cell 
E) the sperm cell 
A) hematopelagic stem cells 
B) the fertilized egg 
C) the hematopoietic stem cell 
D) the pluripotent hepatologic stem cell 
E) the sperm cell

Question 19

How is the material ingested by dendritic cells fragmented?

Accepted Answer

A) Fragmentation is random. 
B) Enzymes in the cytoplasm of the dendritic cells fragment the antigens of the ingested material. 
C) Enzymes in the nucleus of the dendritic cells fragment the antigens of the ingested material. 
D) The lower pH of the cytoplasm fragments the antigenic foreign material. 
E) The higher pH of the cytoplasm fragments the antigenic foreign material. 
A) Fragmentation is random. 
B) Enzymes in the cytoplasm of the dendritic cells fragment the antigens of the ingested material. 
C) Enzymes in the nucleus of the dendritic cells fragment the antigens of the ingested material. 
D) The lower pH of the cytoplasm fragments the antigenic foreign material. 
E) The higher pH of the cytoplasm fragments the antigenic foreign material.

Question 20

Which cells of the immune system produce IL-4,which mobilizes mast cells,basophils and eosinophils to protect against extracellular pathogens,especially parasitic worms?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) TH17 cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) TH17 cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Which of the following drugs is often used to help prevent rejection of a tissue transplant?

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

What is formed when a V coding segment is joined to a J coding segment during DNA rearrangement to form an antibody?

What process is probably responsible for the origin of the three parts of the constant portion of the IgG heavy chain?

Which antibodies have no clear function?

Some of the activated B cells remain in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly at a later date if the antigen reappears in the body.Such cells are called __________.

What is responsible for degrading antigens located in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells into short peptides?

What is a leukocyte?

A complete $\kappa$ V gene is formed as a specific V $\kappa$ gene is joined to one of the J $\kappa$ segments with the intervening DNA excised;the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of Tregcells?

What subfamily of small cytokines acts primarily as chemoattractants that stimulate the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed tissue?

_________ screen body cells for aged,infected and,in some cases,malignant cells and,if such cells are detected,they are attacked and killed.

Why are so many different antibodies able to be made by the immune system?

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional VH segments,25 different DH segments and 6 JH segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies.Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments,how many different heavy chains could be made?

The HLA-B*35 MHC allele ________.

In some cases,the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

Which bonds are largely responsible for holding the chains of an immunoglobulin together?

What is the name of the type of cell that serves as the direct precursor cell for both B cells and T cells?

How is the material ingested by dendritic cells fragmented?

Which cells of the immune system produce IL-4,which mobilizes mast cells,basophils and eosinophils to protect against extracellular pathogens,especially parasitic worms?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 17: The Immune Response

Which of the following drugs is often used to help prevent rejection of a tissue transplant?

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

What is formed when a V coding segment is joined to a J coding segment during DNA rearrangement to form an antibody?

What process is probably responsible for the origin of the three parts of the constant portion of the IgG heavy chain?

Which antibodies have no clear function?

Some of the activated B cells remain in lymphoid tissue and respond rapidly at a later date if the antigen reappears in the body.Such cells are called __________.

What is responsible for degrading antigens located in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells into short peptides?

What is a leukocyte?

A complete κ\kappaκ V gene is formed as a specific V κ\kappaκ gene is joined to one of the J κ\kappaκ segments with the intervening DNA excised;the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

What fatal disease is characterized by severe autoimmunity in newborn infants and is caused by a mutation in a gene that encodes a transcription factor required for the differentiation of Tregcells?

What subfamily of small cytokines acts primarily as chemoattractants that stimulate the migration of lymphocytes into inflamed tissue?

_________ screen body cells for aged,infected and,in some cases,malignant cells and,if such cells are detected,they are attacked and killed.

Why are so many different antibodies able to be made by the immune system?

The human genome has been shown to code for 51 different functional VH segments,25 different DH segments and 6 JH segments for the heavy chain variable regions of antibodies.Assuming that any V segment can combine with any of the D and J segments,how many different heavy chains could be made?

The HLA-B*35 MHC allele ________.

In some cases,the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

Which bonds are largely responsible for holding the chains of an immunoglobulin together?

What is the name of the type of cell that serves as the direct precursor cell for both B cells and T cells?

How is the material ingested by dendritic cells fragmented?

Which cells of the immune system produce IL-4,which mobilizes mast cells,basophils and eosinophils to protect against extracellular pathogens,especially parasitic worms?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

A complete $\kappa$ V gene is formed as a specific V $\kappa$ gene is joined to one of the J $\kappa$ segments with the intervening DNA excised;the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.