Exam 17: The Immune Response

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another;these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity.Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

_________ are pathogens that are capable of stimulating immunity while being genetically crippled so that they are unable to cause disease.

Which of the following is characteristic of immature T cells that have just migrated to the thymus gland from the bone marrow?

Why is the second response to an antigen on a pathogen faster than the initial response?

MHC class II proteins are synthesized _____________.

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

The DNA sequences involved in the formation of human $\kappa$ light chains are located on chromosome ____.

A helper T cell that secretes ______ induces a switch in the adjacent B cell from IgM synthesis to one of the IgG classes.

Who realized that a cowpox infection at an early age protected people against deadly smallpox infections? He had noticed that milkmaids were typically spared the ravages of smallpox.He turned this observation into vaccination by intentionally exposing a boy to cowpox to develop immunity and then later exposing the same boy to smallpox,which he survived.

The foreign substances that incite the body to make antibodies are called ________.

What is the physical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

There are two types of IgG light chains.What are they?

What property does immunoglobulin gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

Introduction of antibodies made against a particular invading organism into another organism by injection or some other similar method is called ____________.

What feature of cellular structure is found to be characteristically amplified in plasma cells,but not in their precursor cells?

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

Some of the activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies.Such cells are called __________.

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

What determines the specificity of an antibody?