Question 1

Considerable evidence indicates that the null model of community structure is incorrect because

Accepted Answer

A) each species responds independently of other species to the prevailing physical environment. 
B) interactions among species have no significant influence on community structure. 
C) when one species is removed,the populations of the other species are unaffected. 
D) species interactions modify the fundamental niche of the species involved,influencing their relative abundance and,in some cases,their distribution. 
A) each species responds independently of other species to the prevailing physical environment. 
B) interactions among species have no significant influence on community structure. 
C) when one species is removed,the populations of the other species are unaffected. 
D) species interactions modify the fundamental niche of the species involved,influencing their relative abundance and,in some cases,their distribution.

Question 2

What does this figure suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased foliage height diversity drives increased bird diversity. 
B) Increased foliage height diversity drives increased bird diversity. 
C) There is no relationship between foliage height and bird diversity. 
D) Increased bird diversity drives increased foliage height diversity. 
A) Decreased foliage height diversity drives increased bird diversity. 
B) Increased foliage height diversity drives increased bird diversity. 
C) There is no relationship between foliage height and bird diversity. 
D) Increased bird diversity drives increased foliage height diversity.

Question 3

When bass were removed from a stream,an algal bloom occurred.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) top-down control. 
B) bottom-up control. 
C) the null model. 
D) apparent competition. 
A) top-down control. 
B) bottom-up control. 
C) the null model. 
D) apparent competition.

Question 4

Why might increased soil fertility result in lower species diversity?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no relationship between soil fertility and species diversity. 
B) Increased nutrients help more rare plants survive. 
C) Dominant species are better able to outcompete other species. 
D) Dominant species are less able to outcompete other species. 
A) There is no relationship between soil fertility and species diversity. 
B) Increased nutrients help more rare plants survive. 
C) Dominant species are better able to outcompete other species. 
D) Dominant species are less able to outcompete other species.

Question 5

Competitive interactions are often diffuse,whereas mutualisms are not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What might one expect to see in a graph depicting realized niche space in a community?

Accepted Answer

A) one dominant species utilizing all of the resources 
B) large overlap between species resource use 
C) reduced overlap between species resource use 
D) each species utilizing its full resources 
A) one dominant species utilizing all of the resources 
B) large overlap between species resource use 
C) reduced overlap between species resource use 
D) each species utilizing its full resources

Question 7

________ or functional groups are groups of species in a community that are thought to have similar roles in the community.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ or functional groups are groups of...

Question 8

A competitive plant growing in wet conditions would be predicted to have

Accepted Answer

A) a larger root system. 
B) high tolerance to water stress. 
C) low metabolic rate. 
D) many leaves and stems. 
A) a larger root system. 
B) high tolerance to water stress. 
C) low metabolic rate. 
D) many leaves and stems.

Question 9

In comparison to the upper intertidal zone,species in the lower intertidal zone are more apt to

Accepted Answer

A) be desiccation tolerant. 
B) have a lower metabolic rate. 
C) have lower resource requirements. 
D) be better competitors. 
A) be desiccation tolerant. 
B) have a lower metabolic rate. 
C) have lower resource requirements. 
D) be better competitors.

Question 10

Removal of sea otters from a system results in a massive increase in sea urchins and subsequent loss of kelp beds.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a trophic cascade. 
B) apparent competition. 
C) bottom-up control. 
D) indirect mutualism. 
A) a trophic cascade. 
B) apparent competition. 
C) bottom-up control. 
D) indirect mutualism.

Question 11

Competition for belowground resources is considered to be asymmetric because larger plants have a disproportionate advantage in competition for those resources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

________ predation is a type of indirect interaction in which a predator enhances the success of one or more inferior competitors by reducing the abundance of a superior competitor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ predation is a type of indirect...

Question 13

In aquatic communities,an increase in nutrients usually causes the number of autotrophic species to increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The ________ is a group of plant and animal species that inhabits a given area.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is a group of plant...

Question 15

Experiments on competition among species within a community reveal that

Accepted Answer

A) removing a group of species has relatively little effect on a community. 
B) removing a single species has a stronger effect than removing a group of species from a community. 
C) removing a group of species has a stronger effect than removing a single species from a community. 
D) removing a single species has relatively little effect on a community. 
A) removing a group of species has relatively little effect on a community. 
B) removing a single species has a stronger effect than removing a group of species from a community. 
C) removing a group of species has a stronger effect than removing a single species from a community. 
D) removing a single species has relatively little effect on a community.

Question 16

When prey populations are controlled by predators in a trophic level above them,they are said to be under ________ control.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When prey populations are controlled by predators...

Question 17

When apparent competition occurs,the

Accepted Answer

A) populations of predator and prey species are smaller. 
B) population of the predator species is larger and the populations of the prey species are smaller. 
C) population of the predator species is smaller and the populations of the prey species are larger. 
D) populations of predator and prey species are larger. 
A) populations of predator and prey species are smaller. 
B) population of the predator species is larger and the populations of the prey species are smaller. 
C) population of the predator species is smaller and the populations of the prey species are larger. 
D) populations of predator and prey species are larger.

Question 18

The "world is green" hypothesis advocates which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A) bottom-up control 
B) top-down control 
C) the null model 
D) diffuse competition 
A) bottom-up control 
B) top-down control 
C) the null model 
D) diffuse competition

Question 19

Species interactions within a community rarely involve only two species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a keystone predator?

Accepted Answer

A) mussels 
B) starfish 
C) kelp bed 
D) kelp bass 
A) mussels 
B) starfish 
C) kelp bed 
D) kelp bass

Exam 17: Factors Influencing the Structure of Communities

Considerable evidence indicates that the null model of community structure is incorrect because

What does this figure suggest?

When bass were removed from a stream,an algal bloom occurred.This is an example of

Why might increased soil fertility result in lower species diversity?

Competitive interactions are often diffuse,whereas mutualisms are not.

What might one expect to see in a graph depicting realized niche space in a community?

________ or functional groups are groups of species in a community that are thought to have similar roles in the community.

A competitive plant growing in wet conditions would be predicted to have

In comparison to the upper intertidal zone,species in the lower intertidal zone are more apt to

Removal of sea otters from a system results in a massive increase in sea urchins and subsequent loss of kelp beds.This is an example of

Competition for belowground resources is considered to be asymmetric because larger plants have a disproportionate advantage in competition for those resources.

________ predation is a type of indirect interaction in which a predator enhances the success of one or more inferior competitors by reducing the abundance of a superior competitor.

In aquatic communities,an increase in nutrients usually causes the number of autotrophic species to increase.

The ________ is a group of plant and animal species that inhabits a given area.

Experiments on competition among species within a community reveal that

When prey populations are controlled by predators in a trophic level above them,they are said to be under ________ control.

When apparent competition occurs,the

The "world is green" hypothesis advocates which mechanism?

Species interactions within a community rarely involve only two species.

Which of the following is considered a keystone predator?

The Nature of Ecology

Climate

The Aquatic Environment

The Terrestrial Environment

Adaptation and Natural Selection

Plant Adaptations to the Environment

Animal Adaptations to the Environment

Properties of Populations

Population Growth

Life History

Intraspecific Population Regulation

Species Interactions, population Dynamics, and Natural Selection

Interspecific Competition

Predation

Parasitism and Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Dynamics

Landscape Dynamics

Ecosystem Energetics

Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling

Biogeochemical Cycles

Terrestrial Ecosystems

Aquatic Ecosystems

Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems

Large-Scale Patterns of Biological Diversity

The Ecology of Climate Change

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