Question 1

Environmental conditions often vary spatially but do not tend to change over time in a given place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Competition among plant species rarely involves only a single resource.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following communities could exhibit apparent competition?

Accepted Answer

A) species that share a predator but not resources 
B) species the share resources but not a predator 
C) species that do not share either resources or a predator 
D) species with diffuse interactions 
A) species that share a predator but not resources 
B) species the share resources but not a predator 
C) species that do not share either resources or a predator 
D) species with diffuse interactions

Question 4

What is a misconception about the Canada lynx and snowshoe hare cycling?

Accepted Answer

A) Canada lynx are the only predators on snowshoe hares. 
B) Snowshoe hares impact resource abundance. 
C) Snowshoe hare populations vary over time. 
D) Rodents compete with snowshoe hares for grasses. 
A) Canada lynx are the only predators on snowshoe hares. 
B) Snowshoe hares impact resource abundance. 
C) Snowshoe hare populations vary over time. 
D) Rodents compete with snowshoe hares for grasses.

Question 5

Which is an example of a diffuse species interaction?

Accepted Answer

A) Removal of one beetle species from a community shows no effect. 
B) Canada lynx cause population cycling in snowshoe hares. 
C) Removal of sea otters results in kelp forest depletion. 
D) Loss of starfish results in mussel outcompeting other species. 
A) Removal of one beetle species from a community shows no effect. 
B) Canada lynx cause population cycling in snowshoe hares. 
C) Removal of sea otters results in kelp forest depletion. 
D) Loss of starfish results in mussel outcompeting other species.

Question 6

As the degree of environmental heterogeneity of a community increases,the number of plant and animal species tends to

Accepted Answer

A) decrease. 
B) remain the same. 
C) increase. 
D) increase initially and then decrease. 
A) decrease. 
B) remain the same. 
C) increase. 
D) increase initially and then decrease.

Question 7

What happens to the species Chthamalus stellatus when Balanus balanoides is removed from the lower intertidal zone?

Accepted Answer

A) Chthamalus is able to survive in the lower intertidal zone. 
B) Chthamalus survives worse. 
C) Balanus switches habitat to the upper intertidal zone. 
D) There is no change in distribution for either species. 
A) Chthamalus is able to survive in the lower intertidal zone. 
B) Chthamalus survives worse. 
C) Balanus switches habitat to the upper intertidal zone. 
D) There is no change in distribution for either species.

Question 8

Which of the following is evidence against the null model?

Accepted Answer

A) Bristlecone pine trees can survive harsh winters. 
B) Climate change alters abundance of robins. 
C) Invasive species cause California newts to go locally extinct. 
D) Hurricanes can wipe out fauna on an island. 
A) Bristlecone pine trees can survive harsh winters. 
B) Climate change alters abundance of robins. 
C) Invasive species cause California newts to go locally extinct. 
D) Hurricanes can wipe out fauna on an island.

Question 9

In looking at a distribution map you see an empty space where habitat conditions are suitable for that species.Why might that exist?

Accepted Answer

A) Other species outcompete it in that space. 
B) That species prefers other areas. 
C) The species has a limit to population growth. 
D) The space is due to the null model. 
A) Other species outcompete it in that space. 
B) That species prefers other areas. 
C) The species has a limit to population growth. 
D) The space is due to the null model.

Question 10

Within a community,most species have a similar range of environmental tolerances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

When an indirect interaction is beneficial to one of two interacting species and neutral to the other,the indirect interaction is termed indirect ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When an indirect interaction is beneficial to...

Question 12

In Yellowstone National Park,the reintroduction of wolves has led to

Accepted Answer

A) increased fruit consumption in elk. 
B) a decrease in deciduous tree growth. 
C) a decrease in the elk population. 
D) an increase in the elk population. 
A) increased fruit consumption in elk. 
B) a decrease in deciduous tree growth. 
C) a decrease in the elk population. 
D) an increase in the elk population.

Question 13

Given large differences in moisture retention in soils,what would you predict?

Accepted Answer

A) decreased community diversity 
B) no effect on community diversity 
C) increased community diversity 
D) more similar functional types in the community 
A) decreased community diversity 
B) no effect on community diversity 
C) increased community diversity 
D) more similar functional types in the community

Question 14

There is considerable evidence that community structure is influenced by interactions between species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A diffuse species interaction infers the effects of

Accepted Answer

A) predation by one species on another is strong. 
B) competition by one species on another is strong. 
C) competition by one species on another is weak. 
D) predation is stronger than those of competition. 
A) predation by one species on another is strong. 
B) competition by one species on another is strong. 
C) competition by one species on another is weak. 
D) predation is stronger than those of competition.

Question 16

In all experimental studies to date,the effect of increasing nutrient availability to plants has been to ________ plant diversity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In all experimental studies to date,the effect...

Question 17

________ competition is a type of indirect interaction that occurs when a single species of predator feeds on two prey species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ competition is a type of indirect...

Question 18

A(n)________ model of community structure assumes that the presence and absence of individual species in a community result from independent responses to the physical environment and interactions among species have no impact on community structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)________ model of community structure assumes that...

Question 19

Increasing the resources for one species results in the increase of predator numbers.This reduces the abundance of another prey species.This interaction is

Accepted Answer

A) indirect commensalism. 
B) indirect mutualism. 
C) apparent competition. 
D) apparent predation. 
A) indirect commensalism. 
B) indirect mutualism. 
C) apparent competition. 
D) apparent predation.

Question 20

Indirect interactions can be either positive or negative for the affected species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Factors Influencing the Structure of Communities

Environmental conditions often vary spatially but do not tend to change over time in a given place.

Competition among plant species rarely involves only a single resource.

Which of the following communities could exhibit apparent competition?

What is a misconception about the Canada lynx and snowshoe hare cycling?

Which is an example of a diffuse species interaction?

As the degree of environmental heterogeneity of a community increases,the number of plant and animal species tends to

What happens to the species Chthamalus stellatus when Balanus balanoides is removed from the lower intertidal zone?

Which of the following is evidence against the null model?

In looking at a distribution map you see an empty space where habitat conditions are suitable for that species.Why might that exist?

Within a community,most species have a similar range of environmental tolerances.

When an indirect interaction is beneficial to one of two interacting species and neutral to the other,the indirect interaction is termed indirect ________.

In Yellowstone National Park,the reintroduction of wolves has led to

Given large differences in moisture retention in soils,what would you predict?

There is considerable evidence that community structure is influenced by interactions between species.

A diffuse species interaction infers the effects of

In all experimental studies to date,the effect of increasing nutrient availability to plants has been to ________ plant diversity.

________ competition is a type of indirect interaction that occurs when a single species of predator feeds on two prey species.

A(n)________ model of community structure assumes that the presence and absence of individual species in a community result from independent responses to the physical environment and interactions among species have no impact on community structure.

Increasing the resources for one species results in the increase of predator numbers.This reduces the abundance of another prey species.This interaction is

Indirect interactions can be either positive or negative for the affected species.

The Nature of Ecology

Climate

The Aquatic Environment

The Terrestrial Environment

Adaptation and Natural Selection

Plant Adaptations to the Environment

Animal Adaptations to the Environment

Properties of Populations

Population Growth

Life History

Intraspecific Population Regulation

Species Interactions, population Dynamics, and Natural Selection

Interspecific Competition

Predation

Parasitism and Mutualism

Community Structure

Community Dynamics

Landscape Dynamics

Ecosystem Energetics

Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling

Biogeochemical Cycles

Terrestrial Ecosystems

Aquatic Ecosystems

Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems

Large-Scale Patterns of Biological Diversity

The Ecology of Climate Change

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