Exam 3: Research Methods

In a(n) ______, twins who have been raised apart are investigated to disentangle the genetic and environmental influences on development.

Iyesha reads a journal article reporting a study in which a small sample of women undertook tests of spatial ability at two points during their menstrual cycle. She decides to conduct a similar study using a larger sample of women. Iyesha is performing a ______.

The null hypothesis states that there are significant differences between the experimental and control groups.

Provide an example of two variables that you think might be positively correlated and two variables that you think might be negatively correlated. For each pair of variables, draw a scatterplot showing hypothetical data points.

The principle of ______ requires that the scientist does not release data of personal nature to other scientists or groups without the participant's consent.

In an experiment, the ______ group is exposed to the independent variable.

A researcher gives the experimental group ginkgo biloba and the control group a placebo. In this example, what the groups receive is the ______ variable.

The scientific process first begins with a(n) ______.

In correlational studies, the researcher is interested in discovering a relationship between two variables.

A study of identical twins may be considered an ideal example of a ______.

The ______ hypothesis is a statistical hypothesis that is tested to determine if there is a difference between the experimental and control groups.

______ is the process by which scientists look at the available evidence and then use reasoning to reach a conclusion.

A randomly selected sample increases the likelihood that experimental results will generalize to the population. In other words, a random sample increases ______ validity.

Dr. DiLorenzo is performing statistical analyses to combine the results of a number of studies investigating the relationship between day care quality and developmental outcomes among children aged 2 to 4. Dr. DiLorenzo is conducting a ______.

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for ethical research established by the Belmont Report?

The sample refers to the participants who are actually included in a study.

The correlation coefficient ranges from _____ to _____.

A placebo is given to members of the ______ group.

Dr. O'Connor is ensuring that his participants understand what taking part in the study will entail. Dr. O'Connor is ______.

Select two of the following aphorisms: (1) "Birds of a feather flock together"; (2) "Opposites attract"; (3) "The more the merrier"; (4) "Two heads are better than one"; (5) "Two's company; three's a crowd." Translate each aphorism that you select into a testable hypothesis. Provide operational definitions of each of the variables in each hypothesis.