Exam 7: Stress, Trauma, and Psychopathology

The psychological disorder MOST clearly associated with stress is probably post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Which situation is MOST likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the relationship between emotional pain and physical pain?

Phrases such as "broken hearts" and "hurt feelings" liken emotional pain to physical pain. To what extent is the metaphor implied in these phrases supported neuroscientifically?

The three stages of general adaptation syndrome (GAS) do NOT include ______.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is twice as common among women as it is among men.

Drew is a recovering addict. After a relapse, he feels isolated and alone. Seeking to continue his recovery and connect with others, he attends a few local 12-step meetings. He feels, though, that he has little in common with the others in the group and feels more alone than ever. Based on the textbook's discussion of social pain, the hurt that Drew is feeling MOST likely involves activity of the brain's ______.

In response to stress, the adrenal glands produce two hormones that act on the muscle, heart, and lungs to prepare the body for "fight or flight." These two hormones are ______.

The HPA axis is made up all of the following EXCEPT the ______.

Much of the human stress response is hormonally driven. One hormone in particular, namely ______, has been shown to have a calming effect and to reduce anxiety.

Researchers will often measure concentrations of the hormone ______ in the blood or saliva to assess a person's experience of stress.

As compared with its effects on outgoing infants, the effects of positive parenting on inhibited, fearful infants are BEST described as ______.

What is one important aspect of effective psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

In what way is the stress response paradoxical? How does the distinction between allostasis and allostatic load help clarify the paradox of stress?

______ occurs in the face of unexpected and uncontrollable events.

The action of the sympathetic nervous system is BEST described as ______ to that of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Stephen has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder after surviving a mass shooting at a nightclub. For each of these three treatments for PTSD, write one or two sentences describing what Stephen might experience during the therapy: (1) exposure therapy for PTSD, (2) cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and (3) eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

______ is NOT associated with an increased severity of acute stress symptoms following a traumatic experience.

Jarome has been diagnosed with acute stress disorder. His angry outbursts these past few weeks are an example of ______ symptoms of acute stress disorder.

At present, the most effective therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder are ______.