Exam 7: Stress, Trauma, and Psychopathology

The sympathetic nervous system is to the parasympathetic nervous system as ______ is to ______.

In its discussion of the genetic modulation of the effects of childhood maltreatment, the textbook notes that several neurotransmitters are deactivated by the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) gene. These neurotransmitters do NOT include ______.

Izzy's pupils are dilated, and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her ______ nervous system is active.

Corrine was getting a cup of coffee at a local convenience store when the cashier was confronted by masked gunmen. As the cashier reached below the counter to press an alarm, one of the gunmen shot her. Two weeks later, Corrine is still badly shaken. She is too frightened to run routine errands in her neighborhood. She startles easily. Although she is troubled by random flashbacks to the event, she finds that she can recall surprisingly little about it when she is directly asked. Corrine is MOST likely to be diagnosed with ______ disorder.

Which hormone is considered the basis for the tend-and-befriend response?

Christine experienced trauma as a child when she witnessed her father's murder. Kim experienced no trauma as a child. Both girls are now adults. As compared with Kim's present-day stress responses, Christine's are MOST likely ______.

MOST people experience ______ when something unexpected and uncontrollable happens to them.

Compare and contrast the fight-or-flight and tend-and-befriend responses to stress.

Recent studies on the effect of maternal stress on children found that the children of mothers who had experienced abuse during pregnancy had DNA methylation of the genes associated with the hormone ______.

Dee Dee has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Deena has not been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and shows no signs of the condition. As compared with Deena, Dee Dee is ______ likely to have experienced a recent stressor.

Animal models of stress and trauma demonstrate that prolonged exposure to stress impairs neurogenesis and dendritic branching in the brain's ______.

Anders owns a struggling coffee shop and has just received devastating news: a nationally known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay, and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears this bad news, his heart rate zooms, and he feels faint, as if he is in shock. According to Hans Selye, Anders is in the ______ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Distinguish between adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder with respect to the nature of the precipitating event, the symptoms required for diagnosis, and the duration of the symptoms.

The unpleasantness experienced during both physical and emotional pain is associated with the brain's ______.

Stress can exacerbate the symptoms of schizophrenia.

The ______ brain pathway innervates a variety of organs, including the adrenal medulla, that results in the release of catecholamines from the terminal of sympathetic nerves.

Basic behavioral research in fear acquisition and extinction have helped pinpoint the regions of the brain involved in PTSD. One such area is the ______.

Each of the following is a specific brain region directly connected with post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT ______.

Intrusion symptoms in acute stress disorder include ______.

Dr. Navarre investigates the link between coping strategies and immune system functioning during stressful situations. Dr. Navarre is BEST described as a ______.