Exam 4: Culture

________ are the bases for norms.

Ideologies help individuals interpret events and provide a rationale for personal action.

Identify which of the following is not an example of the value placed on success (individual achievement) in the United States.

The quickest way to understand a culture is to examine its

Societies have social positions, termed statuses, and behavioral expectations for the people who occupy these positions, called roles.

Material technology is the knowledge that enables individuals to establish, maintain, and operate the technical aspects of a social organization.

The strong emphasis in the U.S. society on hard work as a means to success leads many to assume that poor people are not willing to work as hard as those in the upper and middle classes.

________ promises a brighter tomorrow, a better job, a bigger home, etc.

The type of norm found in society is delineated by two criteria--its degree of importance and the severity of punishment.

The global economy

Culture is internalized through members' psychological identification with the group to which they belong or to reference groups, which is a group to which they want to belong.

The universal tendency to deprecate the ways of people from other societies as wrong, old-fashioned, inefficient, or immoral and to think of the ways of one's own group as superior is known as ________.

People who are industrious are

Describe at least three types of shared knowledge in a culture.

Ideologies are shared beliefs about the physical, social, and metaphysical worlds.

Culture tends to be static.

Ethnocentrism is visible in an American's belief that democracy and capitalism are necessities for the good life and, therefore, best for all people.

Individuals feel guilt or shame because

Ideologies perform only unifying functions.

Discuss the ways in which the high value placed on success in U.S. society is evident.