Exam 11: Racial Inequality

________ explanations state that racial inferiority is the result of flawed genetic or hereditary traits.

Biological deficiency explanations state that inferiority is the result of flawed genetic or hereditary traits.

Identify which of the below is associated with explaining inequality on the basis of biological deficiency.

The categories most used to define a majority and minority population in U.S. society are ________ and ________.

Racial classification in the United States is based on a Black/White dichotomy.

The Southern Poverty Law Center has documented a decline in the number of racist and Neo-Nazi groups and the number of hate crimes.

There have been improvements in minority employment, largely because of economic restructuring in the United States which is positively affecting employment patterns in communities across the country.

A college-educated American Indian middle class has failed to emerge, American Indian business ownership has decreased, and few tribes have created good jobs for their members.

The size of the U.S. Latino population is second to that of the African-American population.

Racial-formation theory suggests that

There are three major trends that will shape race relations in the near future: growing racial strife, the economic polarization of minorities, and a national shift in U.S. racial policies.

Discuss what it means when order theorists argue that minorities will eventually assimilate and why conflict theorists disagree with this assumption.

An example of how groups become ________ is the fact that certain groups that were previously defined by their ethnic backgrounds are now racially identified, such as "Hispanics" or "Asian Americans."

There is no such thing as a biological race; races are real only insofar as they are ________ defined.

The Native American tribes in North America are heterogeneous with major differences in

________ of race change over time and in different locations.

Compare the meaning of race with that of ethnic group.

Size is not crucial in determining whether a group is the most powerful; thus, the most important characteristic of a subordinate minority group is that it is ________ by a more powerful group.

The racial group with a poverty rate that is twice the White poverty rate is ________ American.

Although the median family income for Blacks is lower than for Hispanics, because Hispanics tend to have larger families, their per-person income is actually lower than for Blacks.