Question 1

Which of the following is a reason that is it is difficult to prove that amino acids can function as neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids can be released from nerve terminals. 
B)  Postsynaptic receptor activation by application of amino acids can excite or inhibit neurons. 
C)  Amino acids are found within glial cells. 
D)  Amino acids play a role in protein synthesis for all nerve cells. 
E)  Amino acids are found within few cells of the brain. 
A)  Amino acids can be released from nerve terminals. 
B)  Postsynaptic receptor activation by application of amino acids can excite or inhibit neurons. 
C)  Amino acids are found within glial cells. 
D)  Amino acids play a role in protein synthesis for all nerve cells. 
E)  Amino acids are found within few cells of the brain.

Question 2

The hallucinatory drug PCP (phencyclidine) is an antagonist of the ________ receptor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hallucinatory drug PCP (phencyclidine) is an...

Question 3

The ________ route of drug administration is most commonly used for humans.

Accepted Answer

A)  intraperitoneal 
B)  oral 
C)  intravascular 
D)  topical 
E)  intranasal 
A)  intraperitoneal 
B)  oral 
C)  intravascular 
D)  topical 
E)  intranasal

Question 4

A drug that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter would be labeled as a direct ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A drug that mimics the effects of...

Question 5

________ refers to an increased behavioral effect of a drug noted with repeated administration.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dynamic capacity 
B)  Sensitization 
C)  Inactivation 
D)  Tolerance 
E)  Binding capacity 
A)  Dynamic capacity 
B)  Sensitization 
C)  Inactivation 
D)  Tolerance 
E)  Binding capacity

Question 6

The formal term for the route of cocaine administration involving sniffing into a nostril would be ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The formal term for the route of...

Question 7

Compare and contrast drug tolerance with drug sensitization.

Accepted Answer

Repeated drug administration can result

Question 8

Neil has accidentally ingested a toxic chemical, which has made him unconscious and will soon kill him. Which route of administration would emergency physicians most likely use to administer an antidote for the toxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  intravenous 
B)  oral 
C)  topical 
D)  rectal 
E)  nasal 
A)  intravenous 
B)  oral 
C)  topical 
D)  rectal 
E)  nasal

Question 9

_______________ is the primary neurotransmitter secreted by axons of the PNS that terminate at muscle cells to control muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ is the primary neurotransmitter secreted by...

Question 10

Cholinergic neurons within the ________ are thought to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal forebrain; control the electrical activity of the thalamus 
B)  dorsolateral pons; facilitate learning 
C)  medial septum; elicit most of the aspects of REM sleep 
D)  cerebellum; elicit motor movements 
E)  dorsolateral pons; elicit most of the aspects of REM sleep 
A)  basal forebrain; control the electrical activity of the thalamus 
B)  dorsolateral pons; facilitate learning 
C)  medial septum; elicit most of the aspects of REM sleep 
D)  cerebellum; elicit motor movements 
E)  dorsolateral pons; elicit most of the aspects of REM sleep

Question 11

A drug that causes the transporters for dopamine to run in reverse would

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the synthesis of dopamine. 
B)  increase the reuptake of dopamine. 
C)  antagonize the postsynaptic receptors for dopamine. 
D)  spill dopamine into the synaptic cleft. 
E)  more rapidly clear dopamine out of the synaptic cleft. 
A)  increase the synthesis of dopamine. 
B)  increase the reuptake of dopamine. 
C)  antagonize the postsynaptic receptors for dopamine. 
D)  spill dopamine into the synaptic cleft. 
E)  more rapidly clear dopamine out of the synaptic cleft.

Question 12

The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary route of excretion of drugs...

Question 13

Contrast the location and function of autoreceptors with postsynaptic receptors.

Accepted Answer

Autoreceptors often act to feed back neg

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the therapeutic index?

Accepted Answer

A)  The index is a ratio between LD75 and ED75 values. 
B)  More caution is required for a drug with a low therapeutic index. 
C)  More caution is required for a drug with a high therapeutic index. 
D)  Less caution is required for a drug with a low therapeutic index. 
E)  The index is a ratio between the LD25 and LD75 values. 
A)  The index is a ratio between LD75 and ED75 values. 
B)  More caution is required for a drug with a low therapeutic index. 
C)  More caution is required for a drug with a high therapeutic index. 
D)  Less caution is required for a drug with a low therapeutic index. 
E)  The index is a ratio between the LD25 and LD75 values.

Question 15

Muscle contractions often need to happen quickly so they are controlled via _____________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionotropic 
B)  metabotropic 
C)  serotonergic 
D)  dopaminergic 
E)  synthetic 
A)  ionotropic 
B)  metabotropic 
C)  serotonergic 
D)  dopaminergic 
E)  synthetic

Question 16

Monoaminergic neurons include

Accepted Answer

A)  GABAergic neurons. 
B)  glutamatergic neurons. 
C)  acetyl cholinergic neurons. 
D)  serotonergic neurons. 
E)  glycinergic neurons. 
A)  GABAergic neurons. 
B)  glutamatergic neurons. 
C)  acetyl cholinergic neurons. 
D)  serotonergic neurons. 
E)  glycinergic neurons.

Question 17

Match up the cholinergic fiber system with the correct role of that system in the control of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Most CNS circuits that use ACh are inhibitory for learning. 
B)  Cholinergic neurons in the dorsolateral pons are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
C)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
D)  Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in the control of REM sleep. 
E)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum facilitate learning. 
A)  Most CNS circuits that use ACh are inhibitory for learning. 
B)  Cholinergic neurons in the dorsolateral pons are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
C)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum are involved in the control of the electrical rhythms of the hippocampus. 
D)  Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain are involved in the control of REM sleep. 
E)  Cholinergic neurons in the medial septum facilitate learning.

Question 18

Dose response curves

Accepted Answer

A)  indicate whether a physician should prescribe the drug. 
B)  indicate the therapeutic index of the drug. 
C)  demonstrate the effect of a particular dose until the maximum effect is reached. 
D)  show the level of withdrawal an individual may experience when stopping a drug. 
E)  show the level of tolerance an individual may experience when taking a drug. 
A)  indicate whether a physician should prescribe the drug. 
B)  indicate the therapeutic index of the drug. 
C)  demonstrate the effect of a particular dose until the maximum effect is reached. 
D)  show the level of withdrawal an individual may experience when stopping a drug. 
E)  show the level of tolerance an individual may experience when taking a drug.

Question 19

We would classify a drug as a(n) ________ if that drug acted to block the capacity of vesicles to be filled with neurotransmitter molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  agonist 
B)  facilitator 
C)  antagonist 
D)  autoreceptor agonist 
E)  indirect agonist 
A)  agonist 
B)  facilitator 
C)  antagonist 
D)  autoreceptor agonist 
E)  indirect agonist

Question 20

Drugs that block MAO-A are ________ agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotinic receptor; muscarinic receptor antagonists 
B)  glutamatinergic; glycine receptor agonists 
C)  dopamine; norepinephrine antagonists 
D)  presynaptic; postsynaptic antagonists 
E)  norepinephrine; dopamine agonists 
A)  nicotinic receptor; muscarinic receptor antagonists 
B)  glutamatinergic; glycine receptor agonists 
C)  dopamine; norepinephrine antagonists 
D)  presynaptic; postsynaptic antagonists 
E)  norepinephrine; dopamine agonists

Which of the following is a reason that is it is difficult to prove that amino acids can function as neurotransmitters?

The hallucinatory drug PCP (phencyclidine) is an antagonist of the ________ receptor.

The ________ route of drug administration is most commonly used for humans.

A drug that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter would be labeled as a direct ______.

________ refers to an increased behavioral effect of a drug noted with repeated administration.

The formal term for the route of cocaine administration involving sniffing into a nostril would be ________.

Compare and contrast drug tolerance with drug sensitization.

Neil has accidentally ingested a toxic chemical, which has made him unconscious and will soon kill him. Which route of administration would emergency physicians most likely use to administer an antidote for the toxin?

_______________ is the primary neurotransmitter secreted by axons of the PNS that terminate at muscle cells to control muscle contraction.

Cholinergic neurons within the are thought to .

A drug that causes the transporters for dopamine to run in reverse would

The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the ________.

Contrast the location and function of autoreceptors with postsynaptic receptors.

Which of the following is true of the therapeutic index?

Muscle contractions often need to happen quickly so they are controlled via _____________ receptors.

Monoaminergic neurons include

Match up the cholinergic fiber system with the correct role of that system in the control of behavior.

Dose response curves

We would classify a drug as a(n) ________ if that drug acted to block the capacity of vesicles to be filled with neurotransmitter molecules.

Drugs that block MAO-A are agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are .

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

Which of the following is a reason that is it is difficult to prove that amino acids can function as neurotransmitters?

The hallucinatory drug PCP (phencyclidine) is an antagonist of the ________ receptor.

The ________ route of drug administration is most commonly used for humans.

A drug that mimics the effects of a neurotransmitter would be labeled as a direct ______.

________ refers to an increased behavioral effect of a drug noted with repeated administration.

The formal term for the route of cocaine administration involving sniffing into a nostril would be ________.

Compare and contrast drug tolerance with drug sensitization.

Neil has accidentally ingested a toxic chemical, which has made him unconscious and will soon kill him. Which route of administration would emergency physicians most likely use to administer an antidote for the toxin?

_______________ is the primary neurotransmitter secreted by axons of the PNS that terminate at muscle cells to control muscle contraction.

Cholinergic neurons within the ________ are thought to ________.

A drug that causes the transporters for dopamine to run in reverse would

The primary route of excretion of drugs from the body is via the ________.

Contrast the location and function of autoreceptors with postsynaptic receptors.

Which of the following is true of the therapeutic index?

Muscle contractions often need to happen quickly so they are controlled via _____________ receptors.

Monoaminergic neurons include

Match up the cholinergic fiber system with the correct role of that system in the control of behavior.

Dose response curves

We would classify a drug as a(n) ________ if that drug acted to block the capacity of vesicles to be filled with neurotransmitter molecules.

Drugs that block MAO-A are ________ agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are ________.

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Ingestive Behavior

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Cholinergic neurons within the are thought to .

Drugs that block MAO-A are agonists, whereas MAO-B blockers are .