Question 1

After watching her teenage sister put on lipstick,a little girl applies some to her own lips.The little sister acquired this behavior through:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) stimulus generalization. 
A) classical conditioning. 
B) observational learning. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 2

Instinctive drift explains why:

Accepted Answer

A) shaping can be used to train complex behaviors in animals. 
B) pigeons can learn to bowl or play ping pong. 
C) pigs cannot learn to drop a "coin" in a box. 
D) people prefer primary to secondary reinforcement. 
A) shaping can be used to train complex behaviors in animals. 
B) pigeons can learn to bowl or play ping pong. 
C) pigs cannot learn to drop a "coin" in a box. 
D) people prefer primary to secondary reinforcement.

Question 3

Describe two differences between the two types of conditioning studied by behaviorists.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 4

During operant learning,the tendency for an organism to revert to innate,species-specific behaviors is called:

Accepted Answer

A) free will. 
B) successive approximations. 
C) shaping. 
D) instinctive drift. 
A) free will. 
B) successive approximations. 
C) shaping. 
D) instinctive drift.

Question 5

The most important component of effective punishment mentioned in your text was:

Accepted Answer

A) the punisher 
B) the severity of the punishment 
C) the type of punishment 
D) the consistency of the punishment 
A) the punisher 
B) the severity of the punishment 
C) the type of punishment 
D) the consistency of the punishment

Question 6

Describe the different kinds of stimuli and responses that occurred in the "Little Albert" study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Raynor.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 7

Genuine self esteem emerges from all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) persistence. 
B) gradual acquisition of skills. 
C) correction of bad behavior. 
D) effort. 
A) persistence. 
B) gradual acquisition of skills. 
C) correction of bad behavior. 
D) effort.

Question 8

When salivation occurs in response to a previously neutral stimulus,it is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response. 
A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response.

Question 9

The use of _______________ reinforcers sometimes causes a behavior to decrease in frequency.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) primary 
C) extrinsic 
D) intrinsic 
A) positive 
B) primary 
C) extrinsic 
D) intrinsic

Question 10

The evidence about the effects of media violence suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) viewing violence on TV causes children to be more aggressive and violent. 
B) media violence has little or no effect on actual behavior in children. 
C) media violence causes adolescents,but not children,to behave more aggressively. 
D) the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior is complex and may work both ways. 
A) viewing violence on TV causes children to be more aggressive and violent. 
B) media violence has little or no effect on actual behavior in children. 
C) media violence causes adolescents,but not children,to behave more aggressively. 
D) the relationship between media violence and aggressive behavior is complex and may work both ways.

Question 11

Stimulus discrimination is the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) Food 
B) Applause 
C) A comfortable air temperature 
D) Light stroking of the hair 
A) Food 
B) Applause 
C) A comfortable air temperature 
D) Light stroking of the hair

Question 13

Which of the statements below is NOT an explanation for why punishment fails?

Accepted Answer

A) The punishers chosen are usually too mild to be effective. 
B) Its effectiveness is often temporary,depending heavily on the presence of the authority. 
C) Most misbehavior is difficult to punish immediately and punishment works best if it occurs quickly. 
D) Punishment is often administered inappropriately or mindlessly. 
A) The punishers chosen are usually too mild to be effective. 
B) Its effectiveness is often temporary,depending heavily on the presence of the authority. 
C) Most misbehavior is difficult to punish immediately and punishment works best if it occurs quickly. 
D) Punishment is often administered inappropriately or mindlessly.

Question 14

_______________ would occur if studying makes you lose time with your friends.

Accepted Answer

A) Positive punishment 
B) Negative punishment 
C) Positive reinforcement 
D) Negative reinforcement 
A) Positive punishment 
B) Negative punishment 
C) Positive reinforcement 
D) Negative reinforcement

Question 15

_______________ is the classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) Unconditioned stimulus 
B) Unconditioned response 
C) Conditioned stimulus 
D) Conditioned response 
A) Unconditioned stimulus 
B) Unconditioned response 
C) Conditioned stimulus 
D) Conditioned response

Question 16

A reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is called a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience, except for changes due to fatigue,injury,or disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Give a possible reason that explains how extrinsic rewards tend to undermine the pleasure of doing something for its own sake.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 19

At first,Pavlov speculated about what his dogs might be thinking and feeling to make them drool before getting their food.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called:

Accepted Answer

A) chaining. 
B) shaping. 
C) higher-order conditioning. 
D) training. 
A) chaining. 
B) shaping. 
C) higher-order conditioning. 
D) training.

Exam 7: Exstintion: Learning and Conditioning

After watching her teenage sister put on lipstick,a little girl applies some to her own lips.The little sister acquired this behavior through:

Instinctive drift explains why:

Describe two differences between the two types of conditioning studied by behaviorists.

During operant learning,the tendency for an organism to revert to innate,species-specific behaviors is called:

The most important component of effective punishment mentioned in your text was:

Describe the different kinds of stimuli and responses that occurred in the "Little Albert" study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Raynor.

Genuine self esteem emerges from all of the following EXCEPT:

When salivation occurs in response to a previously neutral stimulus,it is called a(n):

The use of _______________ reinforcers sometimes causes a behavior to decrease in frequency.

The evidence about the effects of media violence suggests that:

Stimulus discrimination is the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Which of the statements below is NOT an explanation for why punishment fails?

_______________ would occur if studying makes you lose time with your friends.

_______________ is the classical-conditioning term for an initially neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a conditioned response.

A reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning is called a conditioned response.

Learning is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience, except for changes due to fatigue,injury,or disease.

Give a possible reason that explains how extrinsic rewards tend to undermine the pleasure of doing something for its own sake.

At first,Pavlov speculated about what his dogs might be thinking and feeling to make them drool before getting their food.

Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called:

What Is Psychology

Exstintion: What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Exstintion: How Psychologists Do Research

Genes,evolution,and Environment

Exstintion: Genes,evolution,and Environment

The Brain: Source of Mind and the Self

Exstintion: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Exstintion: Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Exstintion: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Exstintion: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion,stress and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

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