Exam 11: A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Which area of the brain undergoes the greatest change from puberty into young adulthood?

Erik Erikson identified four stages in the life cycle,culminating in a crisis characterized as "trust vs.mistrust."

While riding through the countryside one day,Ian happens to come upon a curious sight,a chick following a group of ducklings and a mother duck.What likely happened to produce this strange sight?

If you were a participant in a developmental study that was using a __________ design,you would expect to be repeatedly observed and tested over time,often for many years.

Distinguish between gender differences and sex differences.Summarize the impact that parents and peers have on the development of gender identity.

Vance is using a cross-sectional design to conduct a study on attitudes toward gender equity in the work place.Vance finds that 40-year-old participants are much more resistant to gender equity than are 20-year-old participants.Which factor may make the interpretation of these findings difficult?

Children's speech during the two-word stage has been characterized as "telegraphic" because it is filled with short,simple sequences using mostly nouns and verbs.

Research has confirmed that concerns about __________ are patterns of responses related to moral reasoning for both men and women.

Piaget suggested that the most important cognitive acquisition of the infancy period of cognitive development is the ability to form mental representations of absent objects-those objects with which the infant is not in direct sensorimotor contact.Which term refers to this ability?

According to the view of Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky,children absorb knowledge from their social context.Which term refers to this process?

A child is 4 years old.According to Piaget,what should the child be capable of doing?

What are two research designs that developmental psychologists use to understand the possible mechanisms of change? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

A woman has been a participant in an ongoing study of intelligence for the past twenty years.Every few years,a researcher tests her intelligence and asks her questions about her achievements.What type of research design is being implemented?

According to John Bowlby,which statement about attachment in infants and adults is true?

Developmental psychologists use the term "attachment".To what does this term refer?

Dan Slobin has defined a set of operating principles that together constitute children's language-making capacity.Which statement about these principles is accurate?

A babysitter works for a couple who have a 2-year-old boy.Whenever she arrives for work,she notices that the parents and child always seem to be involved in a confrontation,with the child demanding to do something and the parents typically restrictive or critical of the child's efforts.Based on Erikson's theory,what may the child be developing?

An infant lives in an orphanage where he receives little attention when he is hungry and thirsty,is rarely picked up and cuddled,and has no particular adult who is in charge of meeting his needs.According to Erik Erikson,what would this infant develop?

It has been shown that training programs can reverse older adults' decline in some cognitive abilities; disuse,rather than decay,may be responsible for deficits in intellectual performance that are not related to processing speed.

A happily-married modern couple expects to be parents soon.According to recent research,what should this couple consider about the impact of parenthood on their relationship?