Question 1

A psychologist with a cognitive orientation is counselling a person who is afraid of speaking in front of others.What is the psychologist most likely to focus upon?

Accepted Answer

A) the experiences the person had in the past when speaking in front of others. 
B) the related electrical activity in certain parts of the brain. 
C) the self-defeating attitudes and perceptions that feed the anxiety. 
D) the type of medication that can be prescribed to reduce the level of anxiety. 
A) the experiences the person had in the past when speaking in front of others. 
B) the related electrical activity in certain parts of the brain. 
C) the self-defeating attitudes and perceptions that feed the anxiety. 
D) the type of medication that can be prescribed to reduce the level of anxiety.

Question 2

In a study that is described in the textbook,researchers recruited 15 participants who were currently experiencing depression and 45 control participants with no history of depression.Participants wore a device that allowed researchers to monitor eye movements.What was discovered when photographs representing different emotions were displayed?

Accepted Answer

A) participants who were currently depressed spent more time looking at sad photos and less time looking at positive photos. 
B) participants who had recovered from depression had particular difficulty looking at sad photos,preferring the positive ones. 
C) participants who had no history of depression had particular difficulty looking at happy photos. 
D) participants who were currently depressed had particular difficulty looking at sad photos,preferring the positive ones. 
A) participants who were currently depressed spent more time looking at sad photos and less time looking at positive photos. 
B) participants who had recovered from depression had particular difficulty looking at sad photos,preferring the positive ones. 
C) participants who had no history of depression had particular difficulty looking at happy photos. 
D) participants who were currently depressed had particular difficulty looking at sad photos,preferring the positive ones.

Question 3

What did studies on suicide reveal?

Accepted Answer

A) most depressed people commit suicide. 
B) suicide is the leading cause of death for individuals aged 15 to 24. 
C) gay and lesbian youths are at even higher risk for suicide than other adolescents. 
D) adolescent girls are more likely to succeed when attempting suicide than adolescent boys. 
A) most depressed people commit suicide. 
B) suicide is the leading cause of death for individuals aged 15 to 24. 
C) gay and lesbian youths are at even higher risk for suicide than other adolescents. 
D) adolescent girls are more likely to succeed when attempting suicide than adolescent boys.

Question 4

Etiology refers to the factors that cause or contribute to the development of psychological and medical problems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An adult patient who was repeatedly molested during childhood has no recollection of the incidents.Which diagnosis best characterizes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) a mood disorder. 
B) generalized anxiety disorder. 
C) dissociative amnesia. 
D) schizophrenia. 
A) a mood disorder. 
B) generalized anxiety disorder. 
C) dissociative amnesia. 
D) schizophrenia.

Question 6

When Christie speaks in front of a group,she becomes anxious and nauseated.When asked why she feels this way,she says that she is afraid to embarrass herself in front of others.Which psychological perspective best explains Christie's response?

Accepted Answer

A) psychodynamic 
B) psychopathological 
C) cognitive 
D) sociocultural 
A) psychodynamic 
B) psychopathological 
C) cognitive 
D) sociocultural

Question 7

The types of attributions that individuals make when explaining the causes of failure can make them vulnerable to depression.According to explanatory style theory,what types of attributions do these individuals typically make?

Accepted Answer

A) internal,unstable,and specific 
B) external,unstable,and global 
C) external,stable,and specific 
D) internal,stable,and global 
A) internal,unstable,and specific 
B) external,unstable,and global 
C) external,stable,and specific 
D) internal,stable,and global

Question 8

What subject pool did Martin Seligman study when developing his "explanatory style" theory of depression?

Accepted Answer

A) rats that were required to run complex mazes. 
B) dogs that were subjected to unavoidable shocks. 
C) pigeons that had to peck a light in order to receive food. 
D) individuals who had recently lost their spouses. 
A) rats that were required to run complex mazes. 
B) dogs that were subjected to unavoidable shocks. 
C) pigeons that had to peck a light in order to receive food. 
D) individuals who had recently lost their spouses.

Question 9

In a study that is described in the textbook,researchers used fMRI scans to compare patterns of brain activity in individuals who developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)in response to traumatic experiences and in those who did not.What did the researchers discover?

Accepted Answer

A) there were no differences between the brain activity of individuals who did and did not experience PTSD. 
B) individuals who did experience or did not experience PTSD were different only when recalling memories of traumatic events. 
C) individuals who did experience PTSD were different when recalling memories of sad,anxious,or traumatic events compared to individuals who did not experience PTSD. 
D) individuals who did experience or did not experience PTSD were different when recalling happy memories,but not traumatic memories. 
A) there were no differences between the brain activity of individuals who did and did not experience PTSD. 
B) individuals who did experience or did not experience PTSD were different only when recalling memories of traumatic events. 
C) individuals who did experience PTSD were different when recalling memories of sad,anxious,or traumatic events compared to individuals who did not experience PTSD. 
D) individuals who did experience or did not experience PTSD were different when recalling happy memories,but not traumatic memories.

Question 10

The most widely accepted classification scheme of psychological disorders is one developed by the American Psychiatric Association.It is best known by the abbreviation __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most widely accepted classification scheme of...

Question 11

A student is so anxious about giving his speech in front of the class that he actually becomes nauseous and has to leave the classroom.Which diagnosis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) agoraphobia. 
B) social phobia. 
C) specific phobia. 
D) situational phobia. 
A) agoraphobia. 
B) social phobia. 
C) specific phobia. 
D) situational phobia.

Question 12

While watching one of Shakespeare's plays,Rachel notices that Lady Macbeth seems to have an anxiety disorder.In one scene,Lady Macbeth repeatedly washes nonexistent blood off her hands.If Rachel were to adopt a psychodynamic explanation for Lady Macbeth's behaviour,what might Rachel suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) her parents consistently reinforced cleanliness in her childhood. 
B) she is suffering from a neurological disorder. 
C) her behaviour is a consequence of an evolutionary predisposition. 
D) her hand washing is a symbolic representation of an underlying conflict. 
A) her parents consistently reinforced cleanliness in her childhood. 
B) she is suffering from a neurological disorder. 
C) her behaviour is a consequence of an evolutionary predisposition. 
D) her hand washing is a symbolic representation of an underlying conflict.

Question 13

What do the research findings suggest about panic disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)7 percent of Canadian adults have experienced panic disorder in a single year. 
B) 17.4 percent of Canadian adults have experienced panic disorder in a single year. 
C) 29.5 percent of Canadian adults have experienced panic disorder in a single year. 
D) the majority of Canadian adults have experienced a form of panic disorder at some point in their lives. 
A) 0)7 percent of Canadian adults have experienced panic disorder in a single year. 
B) 17.4 percent of Canadian adults have experienced panic disorder in a single year. 
C) 29.5 percent of Canadian adults have experienced panic disorder in a single year. 
D) the majority of Canadian adults have experienced a form of panic disorder at some point in their lives.

Question 14

Which form of psychopathology is characterized by illogical thinking,distorted perrceptions,and blunted emotions?

Accepted Answer

A) schizophrenia 
B) dissociative identity disorder 
C) conversion disorder 
D) borderline personality disorder 
A) schizophrenia 
B) dissociative identity disorder 
C) conversion disorder 
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 15

Ian has a terrible fear of flying insects.How would a behavioural therapist explain the origins of Ian's fear?

Accepted Answer

A) His thought processes surrounding insects are maladaptive. 
B) He has unconscious conflicts that originated in his childhood. 
C) He has learned from a bad experience with bees. 
D) He has an excess of GABA. 
A) His thought processes surrounding insects are maladaptive. 
B) He has unconscious conflicts that originated in his childhood. 
C) He has learned from a bad experience with bees. 
D) He has an excess of GABA.

Question 16

For the last two years,a 7-year-old child has shown a degree of inattention that is not consistent with his level of development,and his teachers complain of a history of behaviours such as squirming,fidgeting,excessive talking,blurting out answers,and interrupting.These symptoms are most consistent with the diagnosis of __________.

Accepted Answer

attention-

Question 17

Which psychological disorder is associated with the terms,"borderline," "antisocial," "histrionic," and "narcissistic" ?

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety 
B) personality 
C) mood 
D) dissociative 
A) anxiety 
B) personality 
C) mood 
D) dissociative

Question 18

Hallucinations are false or irrational beliefs that are maintained despite clear evidence to the contrary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

How do phobias differ from fears?

Accepted Answer

A) Phobias cause less distress. 
B) Phobic objects can be avoided. 
C) Phobias are less specific. 
D) Phobias are excessive and unreasonable. 
A) Phobias cause less distress. 
B) Phobic objects can be avoided. 
C) Phobias are less specific. 
D) Phobias are excessive and unreasonable.

Question 20

Why is it more difficult to make a psychological diagnosis than a medical one?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychological diagnoses rely on interpretations of a person's action,whereas medical diagnoses rely on physical evidence. 
B) Those who make psychological diagnoses use a vast array of diagnostic tools that may or may not be complementary. 
C) Psychologists do not undergo the medical training that psychiatrists are required to undergo. 
D) The range of psychological illnesses is greater than that for medical illnesses. 
A) Psychological diagnoses rely on interpretations of a person's action,whereas medical diagnoses rely on physical evidence. 
B) Those who make psychological diagnoses use a vast array of diagnostic tools that may or may not be complementary. 
C) Psychologists do not undergo the medical training that psychiatrists are required to undergo. 
D) The range of psychological illnesses is greater than that for medical illnesses.

Exam 15: A: Psychological Disorders

A psychologist with a cognitive orientation is counselling a person who is afraid of speaking in front of others.What is the psychologist most likely to focus upon?

What did studies on suicide reveal?

Etiology refers to the factors that cause or contribute to the development of psychological and medical problems.

An adult patient who was repeatedly molested during childhood has no recollection of the incidents.Which diagnosis best characterizes this scenario?

When Christie speaks in front of a group,she becomes anxious and nauseated.When asked why she feels this way,she says that she is afraid to embarrass herself in front of others.Which psychological perspective best explains Christie's response?

The types of attributions that individuals make when explaining the causes of failure can make them vulnerable to depression.According to explanatory style theory,what types of attributions do these individuals typically make?

What subject pool did Martin Seligman study when developing his "explanatory style" theory of depression?

In a study that is described in the textbook,researchers used fMRI scans to compare patterns of brain activity in individuals who developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)in response to traumatic experiences and in those who did not.What did the researchers discover?

The most widely accepted classification scheme of psychological disorders is one developed by the American Psychiatric Association.It is best known by the abbreviation __________.

A student is so anxious about giving his speech in front of the class that he actually becomes nauseous and has to leave the classroom.Which diagnosis is most appropriate?

While watching one of Shakespeare's plays,Rachel notices that Lady Macbeth seems to have an anxiety disorder.In one scene,Lady Macbeth repeatedly washes nonexistent blood off her hands.If Rachel were to adopt a psychodynamic explanation for Lady Macbeth's behaviour,what might Rachel suggest?

What do the research findings suggest about panic disorder?

Which form of psychopathology is characterized by illogical thinking,distorted perrceptions,and blunted emotions?

Ian has a terrible fear of flying insects.How would a behavioural therapist explain the origins of Ian's fear?

Which psychological disorder is associated with the terms,"borderline," "antisocial," "histrionic," and "narcissistic" ?

Hallucinations are false or irrational beliefs that are maintained despite clear evidence to the contrary.

How do phobias differ from fears?

Why is it more difficult to make a psychological diagnosis than a medical one?

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

A: Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

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