Question 1

The words "I" and "a" are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax 
B)  morphemes 
C)  phonemes 
D)  morphemes and phonemes 
A)  syntax 
B)  morphemes 
C)  phonemes 
D)  morphemes and phonemes

Question 2

Given an ambiguous ethical dilemma, a child only focuses on her own self-interest and whether the outcome is pleasurable, and does not conform to the rules of law and order or focus on others' disapproval of the behaviour. According to Kohlberg's stage theory, in which stage is this child most likely functioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  preoperational 
D)  postconventional 
A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  preoperational 
D)  postconventional

Question 3

Imagine that you have just taken a job as an elementary teacher in which a central responsibility is teaching children how to read. Based on research over the last several decades your method of choice would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  whole-language 
B)  phonics 
C)  phonics for bright students but whole-language for those with reading difficulties 
D)  difficult, because the research results are inconsistent 
A)  whole-language 
B)  phonics 
C)  phonics for bright students but whole-language for those with reading difficulties 
D)  difficult, because the research results are inconsistent

Question 4

What is the name of the stage of development which occurs from approximately 2 weeks postconception to approximately 2 months?

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote 
B)  embryo 
C)  fetus 
D)  infant 
A)  zygote 
B)  embryo 
C)  fetus 
D)  infant

Question 5

Confabulation occurs when young children:

Accepted Answer

A)  deliberately lie 
B)  recall an event with made up memories as well as accurate memories 
C)  use their imagination rather than recalling the actual event 
D)  cannot remember where they learned something 
A)  deliberately lie 
B)  recall an event with made up memories as well as accurate memories 
C)  use their imagination rather than recalling the actual event 
D)  cannot remember where they learned something

Question 6

Individuals who are married in contemporary Canadian society have approximately a ___________ chance of divorce.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  70 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  30 percent 
C)  50 percent 
D)  70 percent

Question 7

Imagine that you are visiting your sister and her 1-year-old child Jamie. You note that Jamie becomes distressed whenever your sister leaves the room, can be easily comforted by you while she is gone and something stressful occurs, and ignores your sister when she comes back into the room. Ainsworth would describe Jamie's attachment to your sister as:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoidant 
B)  secure 
C)  anxious-ambivalent 
D)  disorganized 
A)  avoidant 
B)  secure 
C)  anxious-ambivalent 
D)  disorganized

Question 8

Across individuals, language development is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  similar stages but variations in the rate of acquisition 
B)  highly similar rates of acquisition 
C)  differences in the order in which the stages occur 
D)  high similarity in the rate at which vocabulary is developed but large differences in the acquisition of the rules of grammar 
A)  similar stages but variations in the rate of acquisition 
B)  highly similar rates of acquisition 
C)  differences in the order in which the stages occur 
D)  high similarity in the rate at which vocabulary is developed but large differences in the acquisition of the rules of grammar

Question 9

Over the course of the last several decades, research on child development has suggested that:

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental factors are more important than previously thought 
B)  Freud was essentially correct regarding the psychosexual stages 
C)  biological factors play a less significant role than previously thought 
D)  children understand more and at an earlier age than psychologists previously thought 
A)  environmental factors are more important than previously thought 
B)  Freud was essentially correct regarding the psychosexual stages 
C)  biological factors play a less significant role than previously thought 
D)  children understand more and at an earlier age than psychologists previously thought

Question 10

Psychologists use theory of mind to refer to:

Accepted Answer

A)  our ability to recognize that others have mental states that might explain their behaviour 
B)  the tendency to explain our own behaviour in terms of environmental factors and the behaviour of others in terms of their mental states 
C)  the belief that nonhumans have minds that are much like our own 
D)  the fact that the mind cannot be observed directly but must be inferred 
A)  our ability to recognize that others have mental states that might explain their behaviour 
B)  the tendency to explain our own behaviour in terms of environmental factors and the behaviour of others in terms of their mental states 
C)  the belief that nonhumans have minds that are much like our own 
D)  the fact that the mind cannot be observed directly but must be inferred

Question 11

Your sister has a 4-year-old child. According to Piaget he is probably at the ____________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)  preoperational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  preoperational 
B)  sensorimotor 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 12

As part of a science project you hatched a baby duckling and are raising it. The duckling follows you even when other adult ducks are around. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  faulty learning 
B)  imprinting 
C)  a fixed action pattern 
D)  the absence of a critical period in duck following behaviour 
A)  faulty learning 
B)  imprinting 
C)  a fixed action pattern 
D)  the absence of a critical period in duck following behaviour

Question 13

Recent research suggests that critical periods for learning specific skills such as language are:

Accepted Answer

A)  more time constrained than originally thought 
B)  more determined by culture than brain development 
C)  more flexible than originally thought 
D)  not supported by the data 
A)  more time constrained than originally thought 
B)  more determined by culture than brain development 
C)  more flexible than originally thought 
D)  not supported by the data

Question 14

A securely attached infant differs from one who is avoidantly attached in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  what they do when the attachment figure leaves 
B)  how they respond to strangers 
C)  what they do when the attachment figure returns after an absence 
D)  all of the above 
A)  what they do when the attachment figure leaves 
B)  how they respond to strangers 
C)  what they do when the attachment figure returns after an absence 
D)  all of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of how Piaget and other psychologists have underestimated the speed of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  By 3 months, infants are more interested in events that don't make rational sense than in those that do. 
B)  Object permanence appears earlier in development than previously thought. 
C)  Infants have at least a primitive understanding of the laws of physics. 
D)  Infants tend to go through Piaget's stages in a highly set rate and order. 
A)  By 3 months, infants are more interested in events that don't make rational sense than in those that do. 
B)  Object permanence appears earlier in development than previously thought. 
C)  Infants have at least a primitive understanding of the laws of physics. 
D)  Infants tend to go through Piaget's stages in a highly set rate and order.

Question 16

The results of Harlow's research with infant monkeys:

Accepted Answer

A)  supported Freud's notions of human development 
B)  supported behavioural theories of development 
C)  challenged both Freudian and behavioural theories of development 
D)  undermined the notion of sensitive periods during development 
A)  supported Freud's notions of human development 
B)  supported behavioural theories of development 
C)  challenged both Freudian and behavioural theories of development 
D)  undermined the notion of sensitive periods during development

Question 17

The nature of an infant's attachment to its caregivers is primarily a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  its genetic inheritance 
B)  parental treatment 
C)  which of Piaget's stages of development it has achieved 
D)  the degree of contact comfort it has experienced 
A)  its genetic inheritance 
B)  parental treatment 
C)  which of Piaget's stages of development it has achieved 
D)  the degree of contact comfort it has experienced

Question 18

Sandra is a very emotional person, and is even more so when she is pregnant with her first child. A psychologist is counselling her about the effects of being highly stressed and distraught during her pregnancy. Which of the following is a possible effect of Sandra's highly emotional state on her baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her stress may affect the fetus via exposure to high levels of stress hormones. 
B)  Her stress levels will impair future thyroid functioning in the fetus, resulting in growth difficulties. 
C)  Her stress may expose the fetus to high levels of testosterone, resulting in high aggression. 
D)  There are no known effects on fetus development. 
A)  Her stress may affect the fetus via exposure to high levels of stress hormones. 
B)  Her stress levels will impair future thyroid functioning in the fetus, resulting in growth difficulties. 
C)  Her stress may expose the fetus to high levels of testosterone, resulting in high aggression. 
D)  There are no known effects on fetus development.

Question 19

Depth perception:

Accepted Answer

A)  is not present until a child is approximately 4 years old 
B)  does not develop until visual acuity has reached its maximum level 
C)  is undermined by binocular disparity 
D)  usually has developed by 6 months of age 
A)  is not present until a child is approximately 4 years old 
B)  does not develop until visual acuity has reached its maximum level 
C)  is undermined by binocular disparity 
D)  usually has developed by 6 months of age

Question 20

One aspect of memory that distinguishes children younger than 3 from children over 5 is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  older children do not confabulate 
B)  younger children have greater source amnesia 
C)  younger children are more likely to experience what Freud called infantile amnesia 
D)  older children have greater source amnesia 
A)  older children do not confabulate 
B)  younger children have greater source amnesia 
C)  younger children are more likely to experience what Freud called infantile amnesia 
D)  older children have greater source amnesia

The words "I" and "a" are examples of:

Imagine that you have just taken a job as an elementary teacher in which a central responsibility is teaching children how to read. Based on research over the last several decades your method of choice would be:

What is the name of the stage of development which occurs from approximately 2 weeks postconception to approximately 2 months?

Confabulation occurs when young children:

Individuals who are married in contemporary Canadian society have approximately a ___________ chance of divorce.

Across individuals, language development is characterized by:

Over the course of the last several decades, research on child development has suggested that:

Psychologists use theory of mind to refer to:

Your sister has a 4-year-old child. According to Piaget he is probably at the ____________ stage of development.

As part of a science project you hatched a baby duckling and are raising it. The duckling follows you even when other adult ducks are around. This is an example of:

Recent research suggests that critical periods for learning specific skills such as language are:

A securely attached infant differs from one who is avoidantly attached in terms of:

Which of the following is NOT an example of how Piaget and other psychologists have underestimated the speed of cognitive development?

The results of Harlow's research with infant monkeys:

The nature of an infant's attachment to its caregivers is primarily a function of:

Depth perception:

One aspect of memory that distinguishes children younger than 3 from children over 5 is that:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

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Exam 11: Human Development

The words "I" and "a" are examples of:

Imagine that you have just taken a job as an elementary teacher in which a central responsibility is teaching children how to read. Based on research over the last several decades your method of choice would be:

What is the name of the stage of development which occurs from approximately 2 weeks postconception to approximately 2 months?

Confabulation occurs when young children:

Individuals who are married in contemporary Canadian society have approximately a ___________ chance of divorce.

Across individuals, language development is characterized by:

Over the course of the last several decades, research on child development has suggested that:

Psychologists use theory of mind to refer to:

Your sister has a 4-year-old child. According to Piaget he is probably at the ____________ stage of development.

As part of a science project you hatched a baby duckling and are raising it. The duckling follows you even when other adult ducks are around. This is an example of:

Recent research suggests that critical periods for learning specific skills such as language are:

A securely attached infant differs from one who is avoidantly attached in terms of:

Which of the following is NOT an example of how Piaget and other psychologists have underestimated the speed of cognitive development?

The results of Harlow's research with infant monkeys:

The nature of an infant's attachment to its caregivers is primarily a function of:

Depth perception:

One aspect of memory that distinguishes children younger than 3 from children over 5 is that:

Introduction

Research Methodology

Biological Foundations

The Mind and Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Attention and Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Cultural Psychology

Filters