Question 1

Cindy abuses barbiturates and she continually increases her doses.What is the likely outcome of this practice for Cindy's health?

Accepted Answer

A)  She is not at risk of overdose,because her body continually increases its tolerance to match her intake. 
B)  She is very likely to overdose,because some barbiturate effects show tolerance while others do not. 
C)  She is not at risk of overdose,because barbiturates do not have life-threatening effects,even at high doses. 
D)  She is very likely to overdose,because barbiturates do not produce tolerance. 
A)  She is not at risk of overdose,because her body continually increases its tolerance to match her intake. 
B)  She is very likely to overdose,because some barbiturate effects show tolerance while others do not. 
C)  She is not at risk of overdose,because barbiturates do not have life-threatening effects,even at high doses. 
D)  She is very likely to overdose,because barbiturates do not produce tolerance.

Question 2

Chemical messengers that diffuse from their site of release to affect neurons at some distance away are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters. 
B)  neuromodulators. 
C)  neurohormones. 
D)  neuroenzymes. 
A)  neurotransmitters. 
B)  neuromodulators. 
C)  neurohormones. 
D)  neuroenzymes.

Question 3

Caffeine use is correlated with lower rates of

Accepted Answer

A)  Parkinson's disease. 
B)  Alzheimer's disease. 
C)  Huntington's disease. 
D)  multiple sclerosis. 
A)  Parkinson's disease. 
B)  Alzheimer's disease. 
C)  Huntington's disease. 
D)  multiple sclerosis.

Question 4

The _________ receptor is both voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent?

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA 
B)  AMPA 
C)  kainate 
D)  muscarinic 
A)  NMDA 
B)  AMPA 
C)  kainate 
D)  muscarinic

Question 5

Henry Dale's assertion that neurons could contain only one type of neurotransmitter is

Accepted Answer

A)  correct. 
B)  partially correct,in that neuropeptides and small-molecule transmitters are often found together,but the existence of two small-molecule transmitters in the same cell is controversial. 
C)  partially correct,in that neuropeptides are never found in the same neuron as amines or amino acids. 
D)  completely false. 
A)  correct. 
B)  partially correct,in that neuropeptides and small-molecule transmitters are often found together,but the existence of two small-molecule transmitters in the same cell is controversial. 
C)  partially correct,in that neuropeptides are never found in the same neuron as amines or amino acids. 
D)  completely false.

Question 6

Acetylcholine (ACh)released into the synaptic gap is deactivated primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion away from the synapse. 
B)  absorption by astrocytes. 
C)  reuptake. 
D)  enzymes. 
A)  diffusion away from the synapse. 
B)  absorption by astrocytes. 
C)  reuptake. 
D)  enzymes.

Question 7

If a drug is an antagonist for an inhibitory neurochemical like GABA or adenosine,what behavioral effects should we expect and why?

Accepted Answer

An antagonist reduces the effe

Question 8

Compared with civilian addicts,returning vets from Viet Nam who had used heroin while overseas had

Accepted Answer

A)  less success in recovering from addiction,because they used more potent forms of the drug. 
B)  less success in recovering from addiction,due to the complications of posttraumatic stress disorder. 
C)  about the same rate of success in recovering from addiction. 
D)  much more success in recovering from addiction. 
A)  less success in recovering from addiction,because they used more potent forms of the drug. 
B)  less success in recovering from addiction,due to the complications of posttraumatic stress disorder. 
C)  about the same rate of success in recovering from addiction. 
D)  much more success in recovering from addiction.

Question 9

Nicotine produces its effects by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh). 
B)  preventing the release of acetylcholine (ACh). 
C)  activating receptors for acetylcholine (ACh). 
D)  interfering with the action of acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E) . 
A)  increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh). 
B)  preventing the release of acetylcholine (ACh). 
C)  activating receptors for acetylcholine (ACh). 
D)  interfering with the action of acetylcholinesterase (ACh
E) .

Question 10

Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications usually act by enhancing the activity of

Accepted Answer

A)  substance P. 
B)  oxytocin. 
C)  nitric oxide (NO). 
D)  CCK. 
A)  substance P. 
B)  oxytocin. 
C)  nitric oxide (NO). 
D)  CCK.

Question 11

Tolerance develops for the use of some drugs because

Accepted Answer

A)  over time,the blood-brain barrier more effectively blocks the movement of the drug from the blood supply into the brain. 
B)  more of the drug is absorbed by the body's fat stores,leading to the need to use more to get the same effects. 
C)  the body's compensation for the drug cancels out its effects. 
D)  the experienced user's expectations cancel out the drug's effects. 
A)  over time,the blood-brain barrier more effectively blocks the movement of the drug from the blood supply into the brain. 
B)  more of the drug is absorbed by the body's fat stores,leading to the need to use more to get the same effects. 
C)  the body's compensation for the drug cancels out its effects. 
D)  the experienced user's expectations cancel out the drug's effects.

Question 12

Cannibinoids probably produce their effects by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating neurotransmitter release. 
B)  blocking neurotransmitter reuptake. 
C)  interacting at receptor sites. 
D)  promoting neurotransmitter synthesis. 
A)  stimulating neurotransmitter release. 
B)  blocking neurotransmitter reuptake. 
C)  interacting at receptor sites. 
D)  promoting neurotransmitter synthesis.

Question 13

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)mimics the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  cocaine. 
B)  ecstasy. 
C)  GABA. 
D)  glutamate. 
A)  cocaine. 
B)  ecstasy. 
C)  GABA. 
D)  glutamate.

Question 14

Alcohol's potentially life-threatening withdrawal syndrome results from its impact on _________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin and norepinephrine 
B)  NMDA and GABA 
C)  opiate 
D)  dopamine 
A)  serotonin and norepinephrine 
B)  NMDA and GABA 
C)  opiate 
D)  dopamine

Question 15

Monoamine oxidase would break down all of the following neurotransmitters except

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  acetylcholine (ACh). 
A)  serotonin. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  acetylcholine (ACh).

Question 16

With repeated use of a drug,more of the drug is necessary to achieve the same effects.This demonstrates the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  tolerance. 
B)  withdrawal. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  cross-tolerance. 
A)  tolerance. 
B)  withdrawal. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  cross-tolerance.

Question 17

Lesions in which of the following structures reduce rats' addiction to drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  the anterior cingulate cortex (AC
C)  
B)  the subthalamic nucleus 
C)  the amygdala 
D)  the nucleus accumbens 
A)  the anterior cingulate cortex (AC
C)  
B)  the subthalamic nucleus 
C)  the amygdala 
D)  the nucleus accumbens

Question 18

Nicotinic receptors respond to both nicotine and

Accepted Answer

A)  muscarine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  ACh. 
A)  muscarine. 
B)  norepinephrine. 
C)  serotonin. 
D)  ACh.

Question 19

In the human brain,about how many neurons use serotonin as their primary neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  200,000 
B)  1 million 
C)  200 million 
D)  1 billion 
A)  200,000 
B)  1 million 
C)  200 million 
D)  1 billion

Question 20

Relative to neurons using other neurotransmitters,serotonergic neurons

Accepted Answer

A)  are quite numerous. 
B)  are surprisingly few in number. 
C)  project to very limited parts of the brain. 
D)  do not have different receptor subtypes. 
A)  are quite numerous. 
B)  are surprisingly few in number. 
C)  project to very limited parts of the brain. 
D)  do not have different receptor subtypes.

Cindy abuses barbiturates and she continually increases her doses.What is the likely outcome of this practice for Cindy's health?

Chemical messengers that diffuse from their site of release to affect neurons at some distance away are known as

Caffeine use is correlated with lower rates of

The _________ receptor is both voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent?

Henry Dale's assertion that neurons could contain only one type of neurotransmitter is

Acetylcholine (ACh)released into the synaptic gap is deactivated primarily by

If a drug is an antagonist for an inhibitory neurochemical like GABA or adenosine,what behavioral effects should we expect and why?

Compared with civilian addicts,returning vets from Viet Nam who had used heroin while overseas had

Nicotine produces its effects by

Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications usually act by enhancing the activity of

Tolerance develops for the use of some drugs because

Cannibinoids probably produce their effects by

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)mimics the effects of

Alcohol's potentially life-threatening withdrawal syndrome results from its impact on _________ receptors.

Monoamine oxidase would break down all of the following neurotransmitters except

With repeated use of a drug,more of the drug is necessary to achieve the same effects.This demonstrates the development of

Lesions in which of the following structures reduce rats' addiction to drugs?

Nicotinic receptors respond to both nicotine and

In the human brain,about how many neurons use serotonin as their primary neurotransmitter?

Relative to neurons using other neurotransmitters,serotonergic neurons

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

Cindy abuses barbiturates and she continually increases her doses.What is the likely outcome of this practice for Cindy's health?

Chemical messengers that diffuse from their site of release to affect neurons at some distance away are known as

Caffeine use is correlated with lower rates of

The _________ receptor is both voltage-dependent and ligand-dependent?

Henry Dale's assertion that neurons could contain only one type of neurotransmitter is

Acetylcholine (ACh)released into the synaptic gap is deactivated primarily by

If a drug is an antagonist for an inhibitory neurochemical like GABA or adenosine,what behavioral effects should we expect and why?

Compared with civilian addicts,returning vets from Viet Nam who had used heroin while overseas had

Nicotine produces its effects by

Viagra and other erectile dysfunction medications usually act by enhancing the activity of

Tolerance develops for the use of some drugs because

Cannibinoids probably produce their effects by

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)mimics the effects of

Alcohol's potentially life-threatening withdrawal syndrome results from its impact on _________ receptors.

Monoamine oxidase would break down all of the following neurotransmitters except

With repeated use of a drug,more of the drug is necessary to achieve the same effects.This demonstrates the development of

Lesions in which of the following structures reduce rats' addiction to drugs?

Nicotinic receptors respond to both nicotine and

In the human brain,about how many neurons use serotonin as their primary neurotransmitter?

Relative to neurons using other neurotransmitters,serotonergic neurons

Introducing Biological Psychology

The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System

Cells of the Nervous System

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Lateralization, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neurological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

Filters