Exam 7: Basic Principles of Learning

Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?

In Pavlov's original experiments with digestion,he noticed that the dogs began salivating simply when the laboratory attendant walked into the room.

Of the following,which phobia would be LEAST likely to develop?

A secondary reinforcer:

As a child,every time you played near the neighbor's farm and a cow wandered over,your mother (who has a terrible fear of cows)screamed,snatched you into her arms,and ran into the house.You would get so startled that you would begin to cry.In this example,the CR is:

Taste aversion differs from typical classical conditioning because:

If you learn to react differently when your smoke detector goes off versus when your carbon monoxide detector goes off,you have learned ____________.

Rats who were not reinforced in the initial trials of an experiment showed rapid improvement in performance when rewards were later introduced.This observation is used to help explain ____________.

In Pavlov's classic experiments with dogs,the laboratory attendant had become a(n):

Counterconditioning refers to the process of:

When an unrelated event causes an extinguished response to reappear,it is called spontaneous recovery.

You drive approximately the same route to and from school everyday.Yesterday as you drove the route,you came across a roadblock because of an accident several miles ahead of you.Rather than being completely lost,you immediately turned left and followed a route several blocks to the south of the route you normally take.What would be a likely explanation for the fact that the roadblock didn't throw you completely off?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

When a baby is born,he shows no preference for foods other than mother's milk or formula.Soon after the introduction of new foods,however,the baby shows a preference for fruits and vegetables.This new preference is an example of

A whale has been trained to jump when it sees a large white square.Now,when shown a large gray square,the whale also jumps.What accounts for this behavior?

Write about two practical applications of taste aversions.You may use examples from your text or develop your own examples.

Your boss is so crabby on Mondays that you know he will yell at you.Over time,you begin to call in sick on Mondays.You are reinforcing your absence on Mondays through:

To extinguish the connection between a CS and a UCS,you must:

A tractor driver learned that every time he pushed a large button in his cab,a horn would sound.Now,whenever he wants the horn to blow,he presses the button.How can you extinguish the driver's learning?

Secondary reinforcers are ____________ through classical conditioning.