Question 1

A negative consequence that leads to a reduction in the likelihood of a behavior is referred to as a punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

Recent research has suggested that which of the following plays an essential role in learning cognitive maps?

Accepted Answer

A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  thalamus 
A)  corpus callosum 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  cerebellum 
D)  thalamus B

Question 3

Responses learned through variable ratio and variable interval schedules of reinforcement are more difficult to extinguish than are responses learned through continuous reinforcement in a phenomenon known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

partial reinforcement effect

Question 4

Explain the suggestion that "phobias are initially classically conditioned but are maintained over time through avoidance conditioning." Use an example to illustrate.

Accepted Answer

(NOTE: Student answers will vary. )Assum

Question 5

In recalling the famous experiment with "Little Albert," stimulus generalization was evident by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert becoming fearfully conditioned to a white rabbit,white dog,and a white coat. 
B)  Albert jumping in fear to the sound of the bar. 
C)  Albert becoming fearfully conditioned to a white rat. 
D)  Albert associating the loud noise with the white rat. 
A)  Albert becoming fearfully conditioned to a white rabbit,white dog,and a white coat. 
B)  Albert jumping in fear to the sound of the bar. 
C)  Albert becoming fearfully conditioned to a white rat. 
D)  Albert associating the loud noise with the white rat.

Question 6

Connectionist is to cognitive as:

Accepted Answer

A)  neural connections are to intellectual processes. 
B)  higher learning is to reflexive learning. 
C)  intellectual processes are to neural connections. 
D)  reflexive learning is to neural connections. 
A)  neural connections are to intellectual processes. 
B)  higher learning is to reflexive learning. 
C)  intellectual processes are to neural connections. 
D)  reflexive learning is to neural connections.

Question 7

Operant conditioning is based on the premise that behaviors occur more often when they are:

Accepted Answer

A)  extinguished. 
B)  rewarded. 
C)  negated. 
D)  ignored. 
A)  extinguished. 
B)  rewarded. 
C)  negated. 
D)  ignored.

Question 8

You are training a rat to run a maze.After every 10th correct run,you reward the rat with a food pellet.You are using a:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval schedule. 
B)  variable interval schedule. 
C)  fixed ratio schedule. 
D)  variable ratio schedule. 
A)  fixed interval schedule. 
B)  variable interval schedule. 
C)  fixed ratio schedule. 
D)  variable ratio schedule.

Question 9

The fact that many people demonstrate mild to moderate fears of rodents,snakes,heights,and blood,but few demonstrate mild to moderate fears of newspapers,flowers,paper plates,and socks,lends support to the idea of:

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious reinforcement. 
B)  biological preparedness. 
C)  superstitious behavior. 
D)  insight learning. 
A)  vicarious reinforcement. 
B)  biological preparedness. 
C)  superstitious behavior. 
D)  insight learning.

Question 10

In Pavlov's studies,Pavlov realized that the dogs had learned to associate:

Accepted Answer

A)  a behavior with a stimulus. 
B)  a reward with a stimulus. 
C)  a behavior with a behavior. 
D)  a stimulus with a stimulus. 
A)  a behavior with a stimulus. 
B)  a reward with a stimulus. 
C)  a behavior with a behavior. 
D)  a stimulus with a stimulus.

Question 11

Consistent delivery of a reinforcer is most critical:

Accepted Answer

A)  after the behavior has been well established. 
B)  with new learning. 
C)  with young children,but not necessarily with adults. 
D)  if you want the behavior to last a long time. 
A)  after the behavior has been well established. 
B)  with new learning. 
C)  with young children,but not necessarily with adults. 
D)  if you want the behavior to last a long time.

Question 12

Which of the following is a true statement about the experiment with "Little Albert"?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conditioning was not entirely effective. 
B)  Watson and Rayner did not attempt to reverse Little Albert's conditioned fear. 
C)  Watson and Rayner conditioned Little Albert to be afraid of loud noises. 
D)  Experiments very similar to this one are common in contemporary American universities. 
A)  The conditioning was not entirely effective. 
B)  Watson and Rayner did not attempt to reverse Little Albert's conditioned fear. 
C)  Watson and Rayner conditioned Little Albert to be afraid of loud noises. 
D)  Experiments very similar to this one are common in contemporary American universities.

Question 13

Rhea is an avid basketball fan.Every time her team plays,Rhea wears her "lucky underwear." Rhea said that she does this because her team won the championship when she last wore her lucky underwear.We could describe this behavior as:

Accepted Answer

A)  bizarre. 
B)  vicarious reinforcement. 
C)  vicarious punishment. 
D)  superstitious. 
A)  bizarre. 
B)  vicarious reinforcement. 
C)  vicarious punishment. 
D)  superstitious.

Question 14

A buzzing sound is followed by an electric shock to the hands.After several repetitions,subjects jerk their hands away when they hear the buzzer.In this example,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects jerking their hands away 
B)  the buzzer 
C)  fear of the shock 
D)  the electric shock 
A)  subjects jerking their hands away 
B)  the buzzer 
C)  fear of the shock 
D)  the electric shock

Question 15

Edward Tolman developed the theories of insight learning,cognitive maps,and modeling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When Tolman trained rats to run a maze to obtain a food reward,and then blocked the original path,the rats immediately took the shortest route to the food.Tolman interpreted this finding as an indication that the rats had acquired:

Accepted Answer

A)  neural connections between stimuli in the maze and particular muscle movements. 
B)  a cognitive map of the location of the food. 
C)  an excellent sense of smell. 
D)  learning that was not dependent on a food reward. 
A)  neural connections between stimuli in the maze and particular muscle movements. 
B)  a cognitive map of the location of the food. 
C)  an excellent sense of smell. 
D)  learning that was not dependent on a food reward.

Question 17

Which schedule of reinforcement usually results in an initial burst of activity but is followed by periods of inactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a fixed interval schedule 
B)  a variable interval schedule 
C)  a fixed ratio schedule 
D)  a variable ratio schedule 
A)  a fixed interval schedule 
B)  a variable interval schedule 
C)  a fixed ratio schedule 
D)  a variable ratio schedule

Question 18

If you are being rewarded only after a specified number of responses,you are being reinforced on a ____________ schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are being rewarded only after...

Question 19

An item or event that becomes a reinforcer only because of a learned association with other reinforcers is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  a secondary reinforcer. 
B)  an unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  an operant. 
D)  a primary reinforcer. 
A)  a secondary reinforcer. 
B)  an unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  an operant. 
D)  a primary reinforcer.

Question 20

You want to condition your cat to stay out of your garbage cans with as few trials as possible.Of the following,which method would best accomplish your goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lace some food in the garbage with a nausea-inducing drug. 
B)  Ring a bell when the cat gets in the garbage. 
C)  Produce a loud obnoxious noise whenever the cat approaches the garbage. 
D)  Administer a mild electric shock to the cat when it touches the garbage. 
A)  Lace some food in the garbage with a nausea-inducing drug. 
B)  Ring a bell when the cat gets in the garbage. 
C)  Produce a loud obnoxious noise whenever the cat approaches the garbage. 
D)  Administer a mild electric shock to the cat when it touches the garbage.

A negative consequence that leads to a reduction in the likelihood of a behavior is referred to as a punishment.

Recent research has suggested that which of the following plays an essential role in learning cognitive maps?

Responses learned through variable ratio and variable interval schedules of reinforcement are more difficult to extinguish than are responses learned through continuous reinforcement in a phenomenon known as ____________.

Explain the suggestion that "phobias are initially classically conditioned but are maintained over time through avoidance conditioning." Use an example to illustrate.

In recalling the famous experiment with "Little Albert," stimulus generalization was evident by:

Connectionist is to cognitive as:

Operant conditioning is based on the premise that behaviors occur more often when they are:

You are training a rat to run a maze.After every 10th correct run,you reward the rat with a food pellet.You are using a:

The fact that many people demonstrate mild to moderate fears of rodents,snakes,heights,and blood,but few demonstrate mild to moderate fears of newspapers,flowers,paper plates,and socks,lends support to the idea of:

In Pavlov's studies,Pavlov realized that the dogs had learned to associate:

Consistent delivery of a reinforcer is most critical:

Which of the following is a true statement about the experiment with "Little Albert"?

Rhea is an avid basketball fan.Every time her team plays,Rhea wears her "lucky underwear." Rhea said that she does this because her team won the championship when she last wore her lucky underwear.We could describe this behavior as:

A buzzing sound is followed by an electric shock to the hands.After several repetitions,subjects jerk their hands away when they hear the buzzer.In this example,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Edward Tolman developed the theories of insight learning,cognitive maps,and modeling.

When Tolman trained rats to run a maze to obtain a food reward,and then blocked the original path,the rats immediately took the shortest route to the food.Tolman interpreted this finding as an indication that the rats had acquired:

Which schedule of reinforcement usually results in an initial burst of activity but is followed by periods of inactivity?

If you are being rewarded only after a specified number of responses,you are being reinforced on a ____________ schedule.

An item or event that becomes a reinforcer only because of a learned association with other reinforcers is called:

You want to condition your cat to stay out of your garbage cans with as few trials as possible.Of the following,which method would best accomplish your goal?

Introduction to Psychology

Research Methods in Psychology

Biological Foundations in Behavior

The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Developmental Psychology

Motivation and Emotion

Personality Theories and Assessment

Stress and Health

Abnormal Behavior

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Exam 7: Basic Principles of Learning

A negative consequence that leads to a reduction in the likelihood of a behavior is referred to as a punishment.

Recent research has suggested that which of the following plays an essential role in learning cognitive maps?

Responses learned through variable ratio and variable interval schedules of reinforcement are more difficult to extinguish than are responses learned through continuous reinforcement in a phenomenon known as ____________.

Explain the suggestion that "phobias are initially classically conditioned but are maintained over time through avoidance conditioning." Use an example to illustrate.

In recalling the famous experiment with "Little Albert," stimulus generalization was evident by:

Connectionist is to cognitive as:

Operant conditioning is based on the premise that behaviors occur more often when they are:

You are training a rat to run a maze.After every 10th correct run,you reward the rat with a food pellet.You are using a:

The fact that many people demonstrate mild to moderate fears of rodents,snakes,heights,and blood,but few demonstrate mild to moderate fears of newspapers,flowers,paper plates,and socks,lends support to the idea of:

In Pavlov's studies,Pavlov realized that the dogs had learned to associate:

Consistent delivery of a reinforcer is most critical:

Which of the following is a true statement about the experiment with "Little Albert"?

Rhea is an avid basketball fan.Every time her team plays,Rhea wears her "lucky underwear." Rhea said that she does this because her team won the championship when she last wore her lucky underwear.We could describe this behavior as:

A buzzing sound is followed by an electric shock to the hands.After several repetitions,subjects jerk their hands away when they hear the buzzer.In this example,what is the conditioned stimulus?

Edward Tolman developed the theories of insight learning,cognitive maps,and modeling.

When Tolman trained rats to run a maze to obtain a food reward,and then blocked the original path,the rats immediately took the shortest route to the food.Tolman interpreted this finding as an indication that the rats had acquired:

Which schedule of reinforcement usually results in an initial burst of activity but is followed by periods of inactivity?

If you are being rewarded only after a specified number of responses,you are being reinforced on a ____________ schedule.

An item or event that becomes a reinforcer only because of a learned association with other reinforcers is called:

You want to condition your cat to stay out of your garbage cans with as few trials as possible.Of the following,which method would best accomplish your goal?

Introduction to Psychology

Research Methods in Psychology

Biological Foundations in Behavior

The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Developmental Psychology

Motivation and Emotion

Personality Theories and Assessment

Stress and Health

Abnormal Behavior

Therapies

Social Psychology

Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions

Filters