Question 1

A critical difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning,the learner:

Accepted Answer

A)  must learn complex behavior. 
B)  is rewarded for successive approximations toward a target behavior. 
C)  receives a punishment,not a reward. 
D)  does not control the stimulus. 
A)  must learn complex behavior. 
B)  is rewarded for successive approximations toward a target behavior. 
C)  receives a punishment,not a reward. 
D)  does not control the stimulus.

Question 2

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  pain from being punched. 
B)  the punch. 
C)  a hand moving in the air. 
D)  wincing. 
A)  pain from being punched. 
B)  the punch. 
C)  a hand moving in the air. 
D)  wincing.

Question 3

The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same response is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  response generalization. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  response discrimination. 
A)  stimulus generalization. 
B)  response generalization. 
C)  stimulus discrimination. 
D)  response discrimination.

Question 4

You are trying to determine if classical or operant conditioning has taken place.Of the following,which question would be the best one to ask?

Accepted Answer

A)  Does the individual's behavior determine the situation? 
B)  Is the individual engaging in a simple or complex behavior? 
C)  Is the reinforcement pleasant or unpleasant? 
D)  Does the learning occur quickly or does it require several pairings? 
A)  Does the individual's behavior determine the situation? 
B)  Is the individual engaging in a simple or complex behavior? 
C)  Is the reinforcement pleasant or unpleasant? 
D)  Does the learning occur quickly or does it require several pairings?

Question 5

In operant conditioning,long delays between the behavior and the reinforcement will:

Accepted Answer

A)  make the reinforcement more tantalizing. 
B)  result in slower learning. 
C)  result in resentment and anger. 
D)  result in dependence on the reinforcement. 
A)  make the reinforcement more tantalizing. 
B)  result in slower learning. 
C)  result in resentment and anger. 
D)  result in dependence on the reinforcement.

Question 6

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the unconditioned stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  pain from being punched. 
B)  the punch. 
C)  a hand moving in the air. 
D)  wincing. 
A)  pain from being punched. 
B)  the punch. 
C)  a hand moving in the air. 
D)  wincing.

Question 7

You want your son to quit picking up the cat by its tail,so you yell at him every time you see the behavior.Unfortunately,you do not see a decrease in the unwanted behavior.Rather,your son is increasing this behavior.Of the following,which is the BEST explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  When you see the behavior,you are not yelling soon enough. 
B)  Your yelling is serving as positive reinforcement. 
C)  Your yelling is serving as a punishment. 
D)  You are not using the proper reinforcement schedule. 
A)  When you see the behavior,you are not yelling soon enough. 
B)  Your yelling is serving as positive reinforcement. 
C)  Your yelling is serving as a punishment. 
D)  You are not using the proper reinforcement schedule.

Question 8

A buzzing sound is followed by an electric shock to the hands.After several repetitions,subjects jerk their hands away when they hear the buzzer.In this example,what is the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects jerking their hands away 
B)  the buzzer 
C)  fear of the shock 
D)  the electric shock 
A)  subjects jerking their hands away 
B)  the buzzer 
C)  fear of the shock 
D)  the electric shock

Question 9

Extinction refers to the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing the avoidance response to ensure that the individual sees that the negative consequence will not occur. 
B)  removing a negative event in order to decrease the probability of a response. 
C)  unlearning a learned response because the aspect of the environment that originally caused the learning changes. 
D)  providing a negative consequence of a behavior in order to decrease the probability of the behavior. 
A)  preventing the avoidance response to ensure that the individual sees that the negative consequence will not occur. 
B)  removing a negative event in order to decrease the probability of a response. 
C)  unlearning a learned response because the aspect of the environment that originally caused the learning changes. 
D)  providing a negative consequence of a behavior in order to decrease the probability of the behavior.

Question 10

Madelyn always wanted to teach her hamster to dance.The learning technique that would be most helpful is ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Madelyn always wanted to teach her hamster...

Question 11

Generally,phobias are initially learned through classical conditioning but are maintained over time through:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement (escape conditioning). 
B)  punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement (avoidance conditioning). 
A)  negative reinforcement (escape conditioning). 
B)  punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement (avoidance conditioning).

Question 12

If your behavior causes the removal of an unpleasant stimulus,you have reinforced the behavior through the process of escape conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  You tell your son if he doesn't make his bed every day that he can't go to a party on Saturday night. 
B)  You have stage fright and so you skip school on the day you must give a speech in history class. 
C)  For being rude to his grandmother,you put your child in time-out. 
D)  Your head is pounding,so you take an aspirin to relieve the headache. 
A)  You tell your son if he doesn't make his bed every day that he can't go to a party on Saturday night. 
B)  You have stage fright and so you skip school on the day you must give a speech in history class. 
C)  For being rude to his grandmother,you put your child in time-out. 
D)  Your head is pounding,so you take an aspirin to relieve the headache.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT true of positive reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves rewarding individuals with something they consider positive. 
B)  It can involve removal of something the individual considers not to be positive. 
C)  It increases the frequency of the behavior. 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  It involves rewarding individuals with something they consider positive. 
B)  It can involve removal of something the individual considers not to be positive. 
C)  It increases the frequency of the behavior. 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 15

You love to watch for meteors,but as meteors are unpredictable,your pleasure in seeing one is reinforced on a:

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio schedule. 
B)  variable ratio schedule. 
C)  fixed interval schedule. 
D)  variable interval schedule. 
A)  fixed ratio schedule. 
B)  variable ratio schedule. 
C)  fixed interval schedule. 
D)  variable interval schedule.

Question 16

According to the partial reinforcement effect,responses that have been reinforced on which of the following schedules of reinforcement should be the MOST difficult to extinguish?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  continuous 
C)  fixed ratio 
D)  variable interval 
A)  fixed interval 
B)  continuous 
C)  fixed ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 17

Avoidance responses can be extinguished rapidly using a technique called ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Avoidance responses can be extinguished rapidly using...

Question 18

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the CS was the food.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Engaging in a behavior to end an aversive stimulus is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  escape conditioning. 
D)  avoidance conditioning. 
A)  punishment. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  escape conditioning. 
D)  avoidance conditioning.

Question 20

In order to encourage the association between two stimuli,a researcher should:

Accepted Answer

A)  give subjects plenty of time between the stimuli so that they can try to remember their association. 
B)  only pair the stimuli once or twice so the subjects won't get bored. 
C)  make sure the subjects are told that the two stimuli are associated. 
D)  pair the stimuli many times and keep the time between presentations of the stimuli short. 
A)  give subjects plenty of time between the stimuli so that they can try to remember their association. 
B)  only pair the stimuli once or twice so the subjects won't get bored. 
C)  make sure the subjects are told that the two stimuli are associated. 
D)  pair the stimuli many times and keep the time between presentations of the stimuli short.

A critical difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning,the learner:

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is:

The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same response is referred to as:

You are trying to determine if classical or operant conditioning has taken place.Of the following,which question would be the best one to ask?

In operant conditioning,long delays between the behavior and the reinforcement will:

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the unconditioned stimulus is:

You want your son to quit picking up the cat by its tail,so you yell at him every time you see the behavior.Unfortunately,you do not see a decrease in the unwanted behavior.Rather,your son is increasing this behavior.Of the following,which is the BEST explanation?

A buzzing sound is followed by an electric shock to the hands.After several repetitions,subjects jerk their hands away when they hear the buzzer.In this example,what is the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction refers to the process of:

Madelyn always wanted to teach her hamster to dance.The learning technique that would be most helpful is ____________.

Generally,phobias are initially learned through classical conditioning but are maintained over time through:

If your behavior causes the removal of an unpleasant stimulus,you have reinforced the behavior through the process of escape conditioning.

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Which of the following is NOT true of positive reinforcers?

You love to watch for meteors,but as meteors are unpredictable,your pleasure in seeing one is reinforced on a:

According to the partial reinforcement effect,responses that have been reinforced on which of the following schedules of reinforcement should be the MOST difficult to extinguish?

Avoidance responses can be extinguished rapidly using a technique called ____________.

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the CS was the food.

Engaging in a behavior to end an aversive stimulus is referred to as:

In order to encourage the association between two stimuli,a researcher should:

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Exam 7: Basic Principles of Learning

A critical difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning,the learner:

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the conditioned stimulus is:

The tendency for similar stimuli to elicit the same response is referred to as:

You are trying to determine if classical or operant conditioning has taken place.Of the following,which question would be the best one to ask?

In operant conditioning,long delays between the behavior and the reinforcement will:

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the unconditioned stimulus is:

You want your son to quit picking up the cat by its tail,so you yell at him every time you see the behavior.Unfortunately,you do not see a decrease in the unwanted behavior.Rather,your son is increasing this behavior.Of the following,which is the BEST explanation?

A buzzing sound is followed by an electric shock to the hands.After several repetitions,subjects jerk their hands away when they hear the buzzer.In this example,what is the unconditioned stimulus?

Extinction refers to the process of:

Madelyn always wanted to teach her hamster to dance.The learning technique that would be most helpful is ____________.

Generally,phobias are initially learned through classical conditioning but are maintained over time through:

If your behavior causes the removal of an unpleasant stimulus,you have reinforced the behavior through the process of escape conditioning.

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

Which of the following is NOT true of positive reinforcers?

You love to watch for meteors,but as meteors are unpredictable,your pleasure in seeing one is reinforced on a:

According to the partial reinforcement effect,responses that have been reinforced on which of the following schedules of reinforcement should be the MOST difficult to extinguish?

Avoidance responses can be extinguished rapidly using a technique called ____________.

In Pavlov's classic experiments,the CS was the food.

Engaging in a behavior to end an aversive stimulus is referred to as:

In order to encourage the association between two stimuli,a researcher should:

Introduction to Psychology

Research Methods in Psychology

Biological Foundations in Behavior

The Interplay of Nature and Nurture

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Developmental Psychology

Motivation and Emotion

Personality Theories and Assessment

Stress and Health

Abnormal Behavior

Therapies

Social Psychology

Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions

Filters