Exam 7: Basic Principles of Learning

Becoming sexually aroused every time an individual sees a digital watch is an example of a fetish.Fetishes are believed to result from:

Peter is punched by several bullies at school.Now,whenever a bully merely swings his fist at Peter,Peter winces.In this example,the conditioned response is:

Every Friday you receive a paycheck for work performed the previous week.You are on a variable interval reinforcement schedule.

Your hand is resting on a wire grid.A light flashes and the grid gives you a painful shock.You quickly learn to move your hand when the light goes on.Some theorists believe that you have learned to move your hand,not because of a learned set of reflexive muscle movements,but because you expect the grid to shock you and you intend to avoid the shock.These theorists would support which explanation of learning?

Which type of learning is based on the consequences of one's behavior?

You are carrying a heavy load of books in your arms.As you get to the car,you struggle to get your keys from your pocket to unlock the car and drop the books on your foot.The result is a broken toe.Soon after,you buy yourself a backpack.In this example,explain what type of conditioning occurred when you dropped the book.Next,explain what type of conditioning is occurring when you use your backpack.

Responses learned through which type of learning are the MOST difficult to extinguish?

In Watson's experiments with Little Albert,the loud noise produced by banging the steel bar behind Albert's head was a(n):

When an unrelated event causes a temporary increase in the strength of an extinguished response,it is called:

In classical conditioning,the strength of the association between the two stimuli depends on all of the following EXCEPT:

The hamsters in a study are running on their wheels.They have learned that if they don't run on the wheel,they'll receive a shock to their feet.This is an example of:

Rosa and her 3-year-old son are in the grocery store.Her son begins to have a tantrum because he doesn't want to be in the store.After 20 more minutes of throwing a tantrum,Rosa gives in and quickly leaves the store.When Rosa gave in to her son,she ____________ his behavior.

While playing in the backyard one day,the neighbor's dog wandered over.Your playmate,who has a tremendous fear of dogs,let out a bloodcurdling scream,yanked you cruelly by the arm,and dragged you into the house.You no longer want to go outside to play because you are afraid of the "neighbor's dog." In this example,discuss the conditioning process that has taken place and identify each of the elements in the process.

Latent learning occurs when an individual learns:

Subjects jump when they see a flashing blue light because it has been paired with a mild electric shock.Which of the following would be a test of stimulus generalization?

In classical conditioning,Pavlov found that the dogs learned best if the metronome preceded the food by one half of a second.

Which of the following phrases most closely matches psychology's definition of learning?

Albert Bandura demonstrated that people would be ____________ likely to imitate a model whose behavior is ____________.

In Pavlov's studies,Pavlov realized that the dogs had learned to associate:

Women who breast-feed their infants often notice that the crying of any infant will trigger a reflex in which breast milk is ejected even when they are not nursing at the moment.In this case,the suckling of a woman's own infant is the: