Exam 7: Basic Principles of Learning

A theorist who believes that learning is a cognitive event would say that you flinch when a light comes on because you anticipate that a shock will follow.

As he gets older,an all-star baseball batter's ability to quickly react is lost.Why is this loss NOT considered to be the result of learning?

The leader of a cult tells its followers that if they bow down to him,he will prevent Satan from burning them alive.The followers bow down to him,and sure enough,Satan does not burn them,so they keep bowing down to the leader.This is an example of:

After several injections,Windsor the terrier starts to yelp at the sight of hypodermic needles.The initial injection Windsor received is a(n):

As a child,a bee stung you.Now you have a fear of insects in general.You have developed:

Anika's parents tell her that if she does the dishes every night,she can stay up late to watch her favorite TV show.Because she is now doing the dishes every night,we could say that Anika's behavior is an example of a behavior learned through:

As a child,every time you played near the neighbor's farm and a cow wandered over,your mother (who has a terrible fear of cows)screamed,snatched you into her arms,and ran into the house.You would get so startled that you would begin to cry.You now have a fear of cows.In this example,the CS is:

You have a tremendous fear of centipedes.In the winter,you never go down in your basement because the likelihood of encountering a centipede increases.You are reinforcing your fear through the process of ____________ conditioning.

Every 2 weeks you receive a paycheck for work completed in the previous 2 weeks.Your work behavior is reinforced on a:

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Sales pitch X works every time you present it to an audience.Using the sales pitch is reinforced on a:

Your son has lousy table manners.In particular,he picks up his food with his hands instead of using utensils.You punish his behavior by asking him to leave the table whenever you see him eat with his hands.Soon,you notice that he is eating all his food by leaning down an eating it off of his plate using his mouth only.Where did you go wrong?

In a taste aversion,the food that makes you ill is the unconditioned stimulus.

As a child,every time you played near the neighbor's farm and a cow wandered over,your mother (who has a terrible fear of cows)screamed,snatched you into her arms,and ran into the house.You would get so startled that you would begin to cry.In this example,the UCR is:

Gloria trains a kangaroo to jump when it sees a green light by pairing the light with a mild shock to the kangaroo's footpad.Once the kangaroo has learned the behavior,she extinguishes the jumping in response to the light.A year later,she presents the kangaroo with a green light.What might she see?

To 10-year-old Ethan,geometry seemed completely baffling at first.The idea of angles,parallel sides,and perpendicular sides just didn't seem to make sense.However,after weeks of practice and experience with drawing figures,Ethan seems to have no problem tackling the toughest of problems.You could say that Ethan has developed:

Women who breast-feed their infants often notice that the crying of any infant will trigger a reflex in which breast milk is ejected even when they are not nursing at the moment.In this case,the ejection of milk is a(n):

Which of the following procedures will produce classical conditioning?

It's cold in your house so you turn up the heat.The next time it feels cold in the house,you turn up the heat again.You are reinforcing your behavior with:

A parent wants to reinforce her child for brushing her teeth all by herself.Describe the four types of reinforcement schedules,other than continuous reinforcement,that the parent could use,and give an example of how the parent could use each.