Exam 16: Psychological Disorders

Psychologist James Coyne has proposed that depression symptoms may be sustained by ________ problems; that is, people who are depressed seek excessive reassurance from others, and this causes them to dislike and reject the depressed individual. As a result, the depression can linger or worsen.

According to the authors, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is most likely to diminish as children mature and reach adolescence?

Tommy is a seven-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?

One symptom of schizophrenia is called a word ________, in which a person's verbalisations are so jumbled that they are virtually impossible to understand.

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phoney retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong-if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phoney schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behaviour and attitude are typical of someone with ________ personality disorder.

Learning theorists argue that anxiety disorders are conditioned through the process of ________.

Unlike many other psychological disorders, manic episodes may be triggered by ________.

Davis has such an intense, irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town. Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from ________.

Jaclyn has been suffering from hoarding disorder for many years. Her home has become a virtual storage facility for various junk, almost none of which has any value whatsoever. There is a terrible odour in her home and there is almost certainly very dangerous mold growing under her piles of garbage. Her home has become so overrun with "stuff" that there is only one tiny footpath that allows her to get from one room to another. This path, called a "________", is starting to disappear as she has to step on her own possessions to move around her own home.

Nick is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ________.

While some have noted that the virus that causes "strep" may be at the root of the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), others have suggested that children with strep may be very uncomfortable, which worsens preexisting OCD symptoms. This different explanation for the relationship between strep and OCD is an important reminder of

The preponderance of the available data suggests that dissociative identity disorder is

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she starts sweating profusely, and she is gripped with a terrifying fear that she is about to go crazy. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms most resemble ________.

In class, a psychology lecturer states that learned helplessness causes persons to make attributions that are internally focused, global in nature, and stable. A student who demonstrates critical thinking would raise his or her hand and remind the professor that

One suggested cause of bipolar disorder is an increase in brain structures related to emotions, including the amygdala. Additionally, some research has suggested that unusually high levels of norepinephrine activity are also responsible for the symptoms of this illness. On the contrary, it is possible that the illness causes these changes in brain areas and neurotransmitters. This uncertain direction of effect demonstrates which of the six principles mentioned in your chapter?

A dissociative disorder characterised by a partial or complete loss of memory for personal information that is usually associated with a stressful or emotionally traumatic experience is known as ________.

Nicholas's therapist suggests that his inability to recall any specifics from the dozens of times he was sexually abused by his great-uncle results from a second personality that is protecting him. After being hypnotised, a personality called "Biff" emerges that Nicholas is unaware of. This finding is most consistent with the ________ explanation of dissociative identity disorder.

According to cognitive theorists such as Aaron Beck, some people's depression is the result of negative ________ about the self or one's abilities.

You are a psychologist who is evaluating the behaviour of a new client. The client tells you that he does not like to wear clothing and that he walks around nude most of the time. In addition, he tells you that he lives in a society in which clothing is required and nudity is seen as abnormal. Which of the following is not a criterion by which you evaluate your client's behaviour as abnormal?