Exam 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology

Stephen Harris advocates a "new biculturalism" for Australia. Which of the following is not included in his definition of that idea?

The way we think about ourselves and our place in the world is influenced by the ________ in which we live.

Lehman and colleagues suggest three ways in which culture might have originated. One is a mechanism of coping with existential anxiety; another is through creating more certainty in common human experience; and a third is as a by-product of frequent human interaction. If we are to evaluate these three, which key scientific principle do we need to invoke?

Kroeber and Kluckhohn describe six categories of culture. The category based on shared rules that govern the activities of a group is called the ________ category.

The culture of any group of people is best understood by looking at

One of these statements below is a general, underlying assumption about the emergence of culture. Which one is it? (The other three are different theories about why it has emerged.)

The degree of cultural adaptation that a person experiences when moving from one culture to another may depend on their reason for moving. Refugees may have adaptation issues because of negative experiences in their lives that might not be experienced by voluntary migrants. Which of the following is a common experience of both migrants and refugees?

The study of the relationship of individuals to the wider society is the main task of ________.

How does Australian Indigenous psychology differ from "Western" psychology?

Which of the following was not a characteristic of psychological research on Australian Aboriginal people 30-40 years ago?

Anne Pedersen's work on prejudice in Australia centres on the existence of false beliefs about Indigenous people, Muslims and asylum seekers-three groups who have high socio-political visibility. She has found that education, age and political persuasion predict whether people accept some of these false beliefs. Before you could draw any conclusions about the determinants of prejudice, which of the following principles would you need to apply?

Mohandras, a very senior social worker in India, has been relocated, as part of a job-exchange, for 12 months to an inner-Sydney child protection unit. His work in India was centred on group decisions and he felt little stress. By contrast, in Sydney he feels a great deal of stress in the work situation and is under pressure to make decisions by himself. This very different experience may best be explained by a cultural difference in the dimension of ________.

Indigenous psychology is an understanding of behaviour that stems from within a culture and is not imported from outside. Which is the "odd one out" in this list of features of Indigenous psychology?

Social identification theory suggests that conflict, prejudice and discrimination are inevitable outcomes of intercultural contact. Which of the following research findings supports this conclusion?

Identify and describe the safeguards employed within cross-cultural research, explaining the importance of each and what can happen if they are not adhered to.

________ is the term used to describe the process of cultural transmission which does not take place through specific teaching.

According to Berry and colleagues, three different orientations in cross-cultural psychology are

Generally, research into in-group and out-group perception and relationships produces very mixed results. Some of the studies show consistent patterns, but Ward, Bochner and Furnham, criticise the results because they are drawn from a small range of multicultural societies and are based on generally ethnocentric perceptions of acculturation. Upon which principle of scientific thinking is this criticism based?

Contemporary psychological research on prejudice in Australia has developed an applied focus, particularly looking at ways of reducing prejudice. One of these is educating and training people about the nature of prejudice and its effect on individual and community health. This process is called ________.

Dr Sam Birk is planning to discover if Italian and Greek women who migrated to Australia in the 1960s have the same concept of healthy eating. Since many of these women have limited English language, he intends to interview them in the language of their country of origin. Which of these is a major barrier to him successfully achieving his aim?