Exam 20: Total Quality Management

What is a quality audit,and for what purposes might one be performed?

Given that a production process may experience both random and assignable variation,for which type of variation is the source generally easier to identify and determine? Why?

Where traditional quality control tended to be results oriented,total quality management is process oriented.

What two elements are necessary for worker empowerment to be a successful tool in total quality management?

Control charts that are used to monitor a process whose results are categorized as either defective or non-defective are called:

If a point is more than 3 sigmas away from the centerline,or if two out of three consecutive points are on the same side of the centerline and more than 2 sigmas away from it,the process is deemed to be in control.

Samples Twenty-five samples of size 4 were taken from a production process.The mean of the sample means is $\bar {\bar x}$ = 13.9.The process standard deviation is known to be $\sigma$ = 3.5.The sample means are listed below. Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15.1 10.9 17.6 10.0 13.8 9.9 17.7 6.1 5.9 16.9 11.1 12.1 9.4 Sample 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 13.2 11.1 16.9 9.3 10.0 12.0 18.2 21.1 21.7 16.9 19.1 21.5 -Calculate the centerline and control limits for the 3-sigma chart Centerline = ____________________ Lower value = ____________________ Upper value = ____________________

Acceptance sampling involves inspection of a sample of products after an entire production run or shipment lot has been produced.As such,it represents a defect-detection approach to quality management.

Industry often refers to assignable variation as ____________________ variation.

Much of the emphasis in TQM is on understanding and reducing variation within the process through which the product is produced,and samples of output are used in reaching inferences about the stability of the process.

In what ways can large production runs and high inventory levels adversely affect product quality?

Although both statistical process control and acceptance sampling make inferences on the basis of samples,

The cause-and-effect diagram,developed by Kaoru Ishikawa,assists problem solving by visually depicting effects and their possible causes.Because of its appearance,it is sometimes called a ____________________.

What is process capability,and how can its presence be ascertained?

The cause-and-effect diagram visually depicts the operations (or subprocesses)involved in a process,showing the sequential relationships between them.

In the Kaizen philosophy,what is the difference between "ongoing improvement" and "innovation"?

Differentiate between a variable and an attribute.

Control charts may be constructed for either ____________________ (measurements)or ____________________ (counts).

What is the "80/20" rule,and how does it apply to total quality management?

Assignable variation occurs due to identifiable causes that have changed the process.