Exam 17: Temperature

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Lake Superior in North America is the largest freshwater lake in the world by area and typically freezes over completely in winter about once every twenty years.When the surface of Lake Superior is completely frozen over,what is the temperature of the water at the bottom of the lake?

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C

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson received the 1978 Nobel Prize for their discovery of cosmic microwave radiation in the form of static noise which appeared to be coming from all directions in the sky.The reason of this static noise was

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If a sphere whose volume is 15 cm3 at 12 ∘\circ C is made from a certain metal that has a linear expansion coefficient of 2.7 * 10-3 ∘\circ C-1,what will its volume be when its temperature is raised to 28 ∘\circ C?

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What is the temperature of the Universe as determined by the cosmic microwave background radiation?

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Consider clock based on a simple pendulum that is outdoors in Helsinki,Finland.The pendulum consists of a mass of 1.00 kg that is hanging from a thin 3.000-m long aluminum rod.The clock is calibrated perfectly during a summer day with the average temperature of 25oC.During a winter day the clock measures the 24-hour period as 24 hours and 30 seconds.What is the average temperature on this day?

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The volume expansion coefficient for gasoline is 950 * 10-6/K.Gasoline is sold by volume,usually measured in liters.When would it be most economical to purchase gasoline sold this way?

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Consider clock based on a simple pendulum that is outdoors in Helsinki,Finland.The pendulum consists of a mass of 1.00 kg that is hanging from a thin 3.000-m long aluminum rod.The clock is calibrated perfectly during a summer day with the average temperature of 25oC.During a winter day with average temperature of -25 ∘\circ C,in a 24-hour period the clock will have measured

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A brass key ( α\alpha = 19 * 10-6 ∘\circ C-1, β\beta = 57 * 10-6 ∘\circ C-1)is heated from 20.0 ∘\circ C up to 180.0 ∘\circ C.If the initial length is 6.00 cm,what is the final length?

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An aluminum rod of length 20.000 m and cross-sectional area of 7.00 * 10-4 m2 is placed securely against two immobile end points.The rod is initially placed when the temperature is 0 ∘\circ C,find the stress in the rod when the temperature rises to 40 ∘\circ C.(  An aluminum rod of length 20.000 m and cross-sectional area of 7.00 * 10<sup>-4</sup> m<sup>2</sup> is placed securely against two immobile end points.The rod is initially placed when the temperature is 0<sup> \circ </sup>C,find the stress in the rod when the temperature rises to 40<sup> \circ </sup>C.(   ,   ) ,  An aluminum rod of length 20.000 m and cross-sectional area of 7.00 * 10<sup>-4</sup> m<sup>2</sup> is placed securely against two immobile end points.The rod is initially placed when the temperature is 0<sup> \circ </sup>C,find the stress in the rod when the temperature rises to 40<sup> \circ </sup>C.(   ,   ) )

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In order to make a tight fit between two metal parts,machinists sometimes make the interior part larger than the hole into which it will fit,and then either cool the interior part or heat the exterior piece so that the pieces will fit.Consider fitting an aluminum rod with diameter D1 (at 25 ∘\circ C)into a D2 = 12.000 mm (at 25 ∘\circ C)diameter hole in a brass plate.The machinists can cool the rod to 77 K by immersing it in liquid nitrogen.What is the largest possible diameter D1 of the rod at 25 ∘\circ C that will just fit into the hole if the rod has been cooled to 77 K and the brass plate has been left at 25 ∘\circ C? The coefficients of thermal expansion for aluminum and brass are 22 * 10-6 K-1 and 19*10-6 K-1,respectively.

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Two thermometers,one calibrated in Celsius and the other calibrated in Fahrenheit,are at the same temperature.At what temperature do the two thermometers read the same numerical value?

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A copper cube is heated from 10 ∘\circ C to 90 ∘\circ C.As a result,its volume increases by 4.4 * 10-5 m3.What is the length of one side of this cube? The linear expansion coefficient of copper is 17 x 10-6/ ∘\circ C.

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If a cube of a certain metal increases its volume from 15 cm3 to 17 cm3 as the temperature increases from 12 ∘\circ C to 28 ∘\circ C,what is the metal's linear expansion coefficient?

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At what Kelvin temperature is the temperature in ∘\circ F five times greater than in ∘\circ C?

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A gold ring with a diameter of 1.000 cm is on a person's finger and at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.What is the diameter of the gold ring when it is immersed in ice water?

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A 14.0-gallon container is filled with gasoline.Neglect the change in volume of the container and find how many gallons are lost if the temperature increases by 25.0 ∘\circ C.The volume expansion of gasoline is 9.60 * 10-4 ( ∘\circ C)-1.

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A piece of metal 0.12 m2 in cross sectional area is cooled by 30 ∘\circ C and is stretched by a force of 95 * 105 N.If the fractional change in length is 1.12 * 10-3,what is Young's modulus for the metal? ( α\alpha = 19 * 10-6 C-1)

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In the figure,the ends of the two rods are separated by 5 mm at 25 ∘\circ C.The left rod is brass and 1 m long,whereas the right rod is steel and 1 m long.Assuming that the far ends of both rods rest firmly against rigid wooden supports,at what temperature will the ends of the rods facing each other just touch?  In the figure,the ends of the two rods are separated by 5 mm at 25<sup> \circ </sup>C.The left rod is brass and 1 m long,whereas the right rod is steel and 1 m long.Assuming that the far ends of both rods rest firmly against rigid wooden supports,at what temperature will the ends of the rods facing each other just touch?

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Two thermometers are calibrated,one in degrees Celsius and the other in degrees Fahrenheit.At what temperature is the reading on the thermometer calibrated in degrees Celsius ten times the reading on the other thermometer?

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On a summer morning in July in Houston Texas,the temperature is 80 ∘\circ F.A painter fills a 5.0 gallon aluminum container to the brim with turpentine.At five o'clock p.m.,the temperature had risen to 101 ∘\circ F.Neglect the expansion of the container.How much fluid spilled out of the container? The volume expansion coefficient for this brand of turpentine is 9 *10-4/ ∘\circ C.

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