Exam 7: How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Labeling. Use these molecules to label the major inputs and/or outputs of the citric acid cycle on the figure below.Figure 7.8 -What molecule corresponds to the item labeled as "55" in the accompanying figure?

Classification. Use the five processes listed below for the following questions. -This process yields the most energy overall.

In the mitochondria,hydrogen is actively pumped to the ____.  

The breakdown of ____ yields acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide.  

Lactate fermentation transfers the electrons and hydrogen ions carried by NADH directly to ____.  

What is the substrate of the first step in the citric acid cycle?  

Aerobic respiration produces two substances that are used in photosynthesis.Which ones are these?  

Classification. Use the five compounds listed below for the following questions. -This compound is utilized in alcoholic fermentation and lactate fermentation.

Classification. Use the five processes listed below for the following questions. -In this one-step process,the final product is the ionized form of lactic acid.

Complex carbohydrates such as starch need to be first broken down to ____________ before they are quickly taken up by cells.  

Fatty acids must first be converted to which substance before they can enter the citric acid cycle?  

The electron transport chain begins when ____________________ or ____________________ are oxidized.

How many net ATP molecules are produced per molecule of glucose broken down during glycolysis?  

The electron transfer chain is located ____.  

Which of the following equations summarizes glycolysis?  

The final step of the citric acid cycle regenerates ____.  

What is the correct operational sequence of the three processes listed below? I.Glycolysis II.Electron transport chain III.Citric acid cycle

Which process might be affected by the mutation of a transmembrane protein in the mitochondrial membrane?  

____ is the first stage of aerobic respiration and fermentation.  

Select the one most appropriate choice for each. -Acetyl-CoA formation