Question 1

Suggest why sodium chloride, NaCl, is insoluble in gasoline. Consider the electrical attractions.

Accepted Answer

A) Since this molecule is so small, there is not much opportunity for the gasoline to interact with it through any electrical attractions. 
B) Since gasoline is a very polar molecule, the salt can only form dipole-induced dipole bonds, which are very weak, giving it a low solubility in gasoline. 
C) Since gasoline is so strongly attracted to itself, the salt, NaCl is excluded. 
D) Salt is composed of ions that are too attracted to themselves. Gasoline is non-polar so salt and gasoline will not interact very well. 
A) Since this molecule is so small, there is not much opportunity for the gasoline to interact with it through any electrical attractions. 
B) Since gasoline is a very polar molecule, the salt can only form dipole-induced dipole bonds, which are very weak, giving it a low solubility in gasoline. 
C) Since gasoline is so strongly attracted to itself, the salt, NaCl is excluded. 
D) Salt is composed of ions that are too attracted to themselves. Gasoline is non-polar so salt and gasoline will not interact very well.

Question 2

How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to make 15 L of a solution that has a concentration of 3.0 g per liter of solution?

Accepted Answer

A) 30. g 
B) 141 g 
C) 5.0 g 
D) 45 g 
A) 30. g 
B) 141 g 
C) 5.0 g 
D) 45 g

Question 3

What makes a semipermeable membrane selective for one chemical species but not another?

Accepted Answer

A) The pores in the membrane select by size, they are big enough for water only. 
B) The material is hydrophilic and therefore only allows water through. 
C) The material is hydrophobic and therefore only allows water through. 
D) The material chemically reacts with everything but water. 
E) none of the above 
A) The pores in the membrane select by size, they are big enough for water only. 
B) The material is hydrophilic and therefore only allows water through. 
C) The material is hydrophobic and therefore only allows water through. 
D) The material chemically reacts with everything but water. 
E) none of the above

Question 4

How many molecules of sucrose are in 0.5 00L of a 2.00 molar solution of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.01 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
B) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
C) 12.04 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
D) 0.5 
E) 1 gram 
A) 3.01 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
B) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
C) 12.04 × 1023 molecules of sucrose 
D) 0.5 
E) 1 gram

Question 5

What happens if you were to place a concentrated solution into a bag made of a semipermeable membrane and were to then suspend it in a very dilute solution?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the suspended bag would decrease. 
B) The size of the suspended bag would increase. 
C) The size of the bag would not change. 
D) The solutions would eventually reach the same concentration. 
E) only c and d 
A) The size of the suspended bag would decrease. 
B) The size of the suspended bag would increase. 
C) The size of the bag would not change. 
D) The solutions would eventually reach the same concentration. 
E) only c and d

Question 6

Fatty acid molecules can also align to form a bilipid layer that extends in 3-dimensions. Shown below is a cross section of this structure. What is this structure called? (Hint: It forms the basis of all life.)

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) a nucleoside 
C) a cell 
D) a gene 
A) DNA 
B) a nucleoside 
C) a cell 
D) a gene

Question 7

What happens if you were to place a dilute solution that is in a bag made of a semipermeable membrane and were to then suspend it in a very concentrated solution?

Accepted Answer

A) The size of the suspended bag would decrease. 
B) The size of the suspended bag would increase. 
C) The size of the bag would not change. 
D) The solutions would eventually reach the same concentration. 
E) only c and d 
A) The size of the suspended bag would decrease. 
B) The size of the suspended bag would increase. 
C) The size of the bag would not change. 
D) The solutions would eventually reach the same concentration. 
E) only c and d

Question 8

Which of the following would have the highest boiling point?

Accepted Answer

A) Cl2 
B) Br2 
C) F2 
D) I2 
E) not enough information given 
A) Cl2 
B) Br2 
C) F2 
D) I2 
E) not enough information given

Question 9

Under which of the following conditions would you expect the highest solubility of oxygen gas in water?

Accepted Answer

A) high temperature and low   pressure above the solution 
B) low temperature and high   pressure above the solution 
C) low temperature and low   pressure above the solution 
D) high temperature and high   pressure above the solution 
E) The   solubility is independent of temperature and pressure. 
A) high temperature and low   pressure above the solution 
B) low temperature and high   pressure above the solution 
C) low temperature and low   pressure above the solution 
D) high temperature and high   pressure above the solution 
E) The   solubility is independent of temperature and pressure.

Question 10

Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?

Accepted Answer

A) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because intense tropical storms mix up the atmospheric oxygen into the ocean water. 
B) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the colder oxygen would "sink" and dissolve into the water. 
C) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because the heated oxygen molecules in the air would collide with and mix into the water. 
D) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature. 
A) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because intense tropical storms mix up the atmospheric oxygen into the ocean water. 
B) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the colder oxygen would "sink" and dissolve into the water. 
C) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the tropical oceans because the heated oxygen molecules in the air would collide with and mix into the water. 
D) There would be more dissolved oxygen in the polar oceans because the solubility of oxygen in water decreases with increasing temperature.

Question 11

Water being purified using aluminum salts and a base is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a physical separation 
B) a chemical reaction 
C) an acid-base reaction 
D) a chemical separation 
E) none of the above 
A) a physical separation 
B) a chemical reaction 
C) an acid-base reaction 
D) a chemical separation 
E) none of the above

Question 12

How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature?

Accepted Answer

A) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes down. 
D) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B 
A) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes up. 
B) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes down. 
C) As temperature goes up, the solubility goes down. 
D) As temperature goes down, the solubility goes up. 
E) both A and B

Question 13

Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical bond in an ion-dipole molecule is similar also a covalent bond. 
B) The magnitude of the electric charge associated with an ion is much greater. 
C) Dipole areas are subject to changing from positive to negative regions on the molecule. 
D) Like charge (dipole)does not attract like charge (another dipole.) 
A) The chemical bond in an ion-dipole molecule is similar also a covalent bond. 
B) The magnitude of the electric charge associated with an ion is much greater. 
C) Dipole areas are subject to changing from positive to negative regions on the molecule. 
D) Like charge (dipole)does not attract like charge (another dipole.)

Question 14

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na+ ion?

Accepted Answer

A) H-F 
B) H3C-CH3 
C) Cl2CH2 
D) F- 
E) HO- 
A) H-F 
B) H3C-CH3 
C) Cl2CH2 
D) F- 
E) HO-

Question 15

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same volume. 
A) one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar 
B) one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar 
C) one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar 
D) one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar 
E) They all have the same volume.

Question 16

What statement best describes a mole?

Accepted Answer

A) a little furry mammal that lives in the ground 
B) a very small number chemists use to count atoms or molecules 
C) the amount of molecules or atoms in 1 gram of something 
D) It is a very large number chemists use to count atoms or molecules. 
E) none of the above 
A) a little furry mammal that lives in the ground 
B) a very small number chemists use to count atoms or molecules 
C) the amount of molecules or atoms in 1 gram of something 
D) It is a very large number chemists use to count atoms or molecules. 
E) none of the above

Question 17

If you were to increase the pressure of a gas above a liquid (such as by pressing a piston above a liquid)what happens?

Accepted Answer

A) The gas is forced into solution and the solubility increases. 
B) The solution is compressed and the gas is forced out of the solvent. 
C) The pressure goes down and the gas moves out of the solvent. 
D) The pressure goes down and the gas goes into the solvent. 
E) The amount of gas in the solution would stay the same. 
A) The gas is forced into solution and the solubility increases. 
B) The solution is compressed and the gas is forced out of the solvent. 
C) The pressure goes down and the gas moves out of the solvent. 
D) The pressure goes down and the gas goes into the solvent. 
E) The amount of gas in the solution would stay the same.

Question 18

Why does oxygen have such a low solubility in water?

Accepted Answer

A) Water's attraction for itself is stronger than its attraction for oxygen molecules. 
B) Water and oxygen only attract one another by means of weak dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
C) The hydrogen bonding in water keeps the oxygen solubility low. 
D) Both A and B are true. 
A) Water's attraction for itself is stronger than its attraction for oxygen molecules. 
B) Water and oxygen only attract one another by means of weak dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
C) The hydrogen bonding in water keeps the oxygen solubility low. 
D) Both A and B are true.

Question 19

How are oxygen molecules attracted to water molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) The attraction between oxygen and water molecules is a classic example of dipole-dipole interaction. 
B) The hydrogen bonding in water causes the attraction of the oxygen atoms in the   molecule to water. 
C) As a water molecule is brought close to an oxygen molecule an induced dipole results in the   molecule causing the attraction. 
D) The attraction of oxygen and water molecules for one another is part of the common atom effect. Since both molecules contain oxygen, there is a built-in attraction. 
A) The attraction between oxygen and water molecules is a classic example of dipole-dipole interaction. 
B) The hydrogen bonding in water causes the attraction of the oxygen atoms in the   molecule to water. 
C) As a water molecule is brought close to an oxygen molecule an induced dipole results in the   molecule causing the attraction. 
D) The attraction of oxygen and water molecules for one another is part of the common atom effect. Since both molecules contain oxygen, there is a built-in attraction.

Question 20

Based on atomic size, which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium, He, or nitrogen,   ?

Accepted Answer

A) Although He is smaller, its outer orbital is filled and the atom will have little attraction to the water molecules. 
B) Since He atoms are smaller, more of them can fit into solution, so it has a higher solubility in water. 
C) Nitrogen atoms are bigger and so nitrogen molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
D) He atoms are bigger and so helium molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
A) Although He is smaller, its outer orbital is filled and the atom will have little attraction to the water molecules. 
B) Since He atoms are smaller, more of them can fit into solution, so it has a higher solubility in water. 
C) Nitrogen atoms are bigger and so nitrogen molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions. 
D) He atoms are bigger and so helium molecules should be more soluble in water due to greater dipole-induced dipole attractions.

Suggest why sodium chloride, NaCl, is insoluble in gasoline. Consider the electrical attractions.

How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to make 15 L of a solution that has a concentration of 3.0 g per liter of solution?

What makes a semipermeable membrane selective for one chemical species but not another?

How many molecules of sucrose are in 0.5 00L of a 2.00 molar solution of sucrose?

What happens if you were to place a concentrated solution into a bag made of a semipermeable membrane and were to then suspend it in a very dilute solution?

Fatty acid molecules can also align to form a bilipid layer that extends in 3-dimensions. Shown below is a cross section of this structure. What is this structure called? (Hint: It forms the basis of all life.)

What happens if you were to place a dilute solution that is in a bag made of a semipermeable membrane and were to then suspend it in a very concentrated solution?

Which of the following would have the highest boiling point?

Under which of the following conditions would you expect the highest solubility of oxygen gas in water?

Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?

Water being purified using aluminum salts and a base is an example of ________.

How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature?

Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na⁺ ion?

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

What statement best describes a mole?

If you were to increase the pressure of a gas above a liquid (such as by pressing a piston above a liquid)what happens?

Why does oxygen have such a low solubility in water?

How are oxygen molecules attracted to water molecules?

Based on atomic size, which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium, He, or nitrogen, ?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Water Behaves

How Chemicals React

Acids and Bases in Our Environment

Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

Medicinal Chemistry

Optimizing Food Production

Protection Water and Air Resources

Capturing Energy

Filters

Exam 7: How Molecules Mix

Suggest why sodium chloride, NaCl, is insoluble in gasoline. Consider the electrical attractions.

How many grams of sodium chloride are needed to make 15 L of a solution that has a concentration of 3.0 g per liter of solution?

What makes a semipermeable membrane selective for one chemical species but not another?

How many molecules of sucrose are in 0.5 00L of a 2.00 molar solution of sucrose?

What happens if you were to place a concentrated solution into a bag made of a semipermeable membrane and were to then suspend it in a very dilute solution?

Fatty acid molecules can also align to form a bilipid layer that extends in 3-dimensions. Shown below is a cross section of this structure. What is this structure called? (Hint: It forms the basis of all life.)

What happens if you were to place a dilute solution that is in a bag made of a semipermeable membrane and were to then suspend it in a very concentrated solution?

Which of the following would have the highest boiling point?

Under which of the following conditions would you expect the highest solubility of oxygen gas in water?

Would you expect to find more dissolved oxygen in polar or tropical ocean waters? Why?

Water being purified using aluminum salts and a base is an example of ________.

How is the solubility of a solid affected by temperature?

Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na+ ion?

Which of the following solutions is the most concentrated?

What statement best describes a mole?

If you were to increase the pressure of a gas above a liquid (such as by pressing a piston above a liquid)what happens?

Why does oxygen have such a low solubility in water?

How are oxygen molecules attracted to water molecules?

Based on atomic size, which would you expect to be more soluble in water: helium, He, or nitrogen, ?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Water Behaves

How Chemicals React

Acids and Bases in Our Environment

Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

Medicinal Chemistry

Optimizing Food Production

Protection Water and Air Resources

Capturing Energy

Filters

Which of the following molecules would you expect to be the least attracted to a Na⁺ ion?