Question 1

After a neuron has pumped out sodium ions, this neuron is in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) an impulse phase 
B) a resting phase 
C) the synaptic phase 
D) a positive electric potential 
A) an impulse phase 
B) a resting phase 
C) the synaptic phase 
D) a positive electric potential B

Question 2

Nicotine binds to sites on maintenance neurons. How does this cause a stress response?

Accepted Answer

A) The maintenance neurons do not fire so more stress neurons fire instead. 
B) The maintenance neurons are converted into stress neurons. 
C) The body grows new stress neurons. 
D) all of the above 
E) only A and B 
A) The maintenance neurons do not fire so more stress neurons fire instead. 
B) The maintenance neurons are converted into stress neurons. 
C) The body grows new stress neurons. 
D) all of the above 
E) only A and B A

Question 3

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely be the cause or effect of the following state? accelerated heart rate, increased breathing rate

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) acetylcholine 
D) GABA 
E) serotonin 
A) dopamine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) acetylcholine 
D) GABA 
E) serotonin B

Question 4

Ethyl alcohol is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a stimulant 
B) a depressant 
C) an opioid 
D) all of the above 
A) a stimulant 
B) a depressant 
C) an opioid 
D) all of the above

Question 5

Organic chemicals are so suitable for making drugs because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) our bodies are also made of organic chemicals 
B) they can be produced fairly inexpensively from petroleum 
C) of the vast diversity of structures they can form 
D) they tend to dissolve well within the blood stream 
A) our bodies are also made of organic chemicals 
B) they can be produced fairly inexpensively from petroleum 
C) of the vast diversity of structures they can form 
D) they tend to dissolve well within the blood stream

Question 6

A drug that alters our tolerance to pain but does not decrease the electrical signals to the brain is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) anesthetic 
B) beta-blocker 
C) nerve tap 
D) analgesic 
E) synergistic 
A) anesthetic 
B) beta-blocker 
C) nerve tap 
D) analgesic 
E) synergistic

Question 7

When might two drugs taken together not exert a synergistic effect?

Accepted Answer

A) The synergistic effect is significant for any types of drugs taken together. 
B) when one of the drugs is microencapsulated so that it is absorbed by the body at a later time 
C) when the two drugs share no major or minor effects or side-effects 
D) Sometimes a person's immune system is able to negate the effect of one drug, which allows the second drug to act alone. 
A) The synergistic effect is significant for any types of drugs taken together. 
B) when one of the drugs is microencapsulated so that it is absorbed by the body at a later time 
C) when the two drugs share no major or minor effects or side-effects 
D) Sometimes a person's immune system is able to negate the effect of one drug, which allows the second drug to act alone.

Question 8

At one time, halothane, C   CHBrCl, was widely used as a general anesthetic. Suggest why its use is now banned.

Accepted Answer

A) This chemical was found to be toxic to humans. 
B) This chemical did not mix well with oxygen so that the risk of suffocation was elevated. 
C) This chemical was found to be detrimental to stratospheric ozone. 
D) all of the above 
A) This chemical was found to be toxic to humans. 
B) This chemical did not mix well with oxygen so that the risk of suffocation was elevated. 
C) This chemical was found to be detrimental to stratospheric ozone. 
D) all of the above

Question 9

Would formulating a sulfa drug with PABA be likely to increase or decrease its antibacterial properties?

Accepted Answer

A) There would likely be an increase in antibacterial properties due to the synergistic effect of these two agents working together. 
B) A sulfa drug and PABA combine in the body to form highly active forms of penicillin, which is a powerful antibiotic. 
C) No, but the combination would prove effective against viruses. 
D) There would likely be a decrease in antibacterial properties because a sulfa drug works by competing with PABA 
A) There would likely be an increase in antibacterial properties due to the synergistic effect of these two agents working together. 
B) A sulfa drug and PABA combine in the body to form highly active forms of penicillin, which is a powerful antibiotic. 
C) No, but the combination would prove effective against viruses. 
D) There would likely be a decrease in antibacterial properties because a sulfa drug works by competing with PABA

Question 10

What role do receptor sites play in drug activity?

Accepted Answer

A) The receptor site is the location that a drug binds to, altering the function of a biomolecule. 
B) The receptor site is the same as the active site in an enzyme. 
C) The receptor site removes a drug from the blood stream, which limits negative side effects 
D) The receptor site is unrelated to drug activity. 
E) none of the above 
A) The receptor site is the location that a drug binds to, altering the function of a biomolecule. 
B) The receptor site is the same as the active site in an enzyme. 
C) The receptor site removes a drug from the blood stream, which limits negative side effects 
D) The receptor site is unrelated to drug activity. 
E) none of the above

Question 11

A variety of gaseous compounds behave as general anesthetics even though their structures have very little in common. Does this support the role of a receptor site for their mode of action?

Accepted Answer

A) This suggests that the receptor site for these anesthetics can transform into a variety of shapes. 
B) This suggests that there are many different receptor sites that the general anesthetics can bind to. 
C) This suggests that anesthetic molecules decompose soon after they exert their effect. 
D) This suggests that there is no specific receptor site upon which general anesthetics are acting. 
A) This suggests that the receptor site for these anesthetics can transform into a variety of shapes. 
B) This suggests that there are many different receptor sites that the general anesthetics can bind to. 
C) This suggests that anesthetic molecules decompose soon after they exert their effect. 
D) This suggests that there is no specific receptor site upon which general anesthetics are acting.

Question 12

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder)us complete the following activity? understand a single conversation in a crowded room

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) acetylcholine 
D) GABA 
E) serotonin 
A) dopamine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) acetylcholine 
D) GABA 
E) serotonin

Question 13

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder)us complete the following activity? avoid a car wreck

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) acetylcholine 
D) GABA 
E) serotonin 
A) dopamine 
B) norepinephrine 
C) acetylcholine 
D) GABA 
E) serotonin

Question 14

A mechanism where the body recycles the chemicals produced during electrical transmission within the body is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) re-uptake 
B) recycling 
C) bicycling 
D) metabolism 
E) combinatorial chemistry 
A) re-uptake 
B) recycling 
C) bicycling 
D) metabolism 
E) combinatorial chemistry

Question 15

Drugs always ________.

Accepted Answer

A) have an effect on how the body functions 
B) make you feel good 
C) have therapeutic effects 
D) are man-made 
E) made from plants 
A) have an effect on how the body functions 
B) make you feel good 
C) have therapeutic effects 
D) are man-made 
E) made from plants

Question 16

How do most vasodilators work?

Accepted Answer

A) They release nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels thus allowing more blood through. 
B) They release nitric oxide, which constricts the blood vessels which act to pump the blood through the blood vessel. 
C) They absorb nitric oxide from the blood stream, which causes vein constriction. 
D) They absorb nitric oxide from the blood stream, which causes vein relaxation. 
E) none of the above 
A) They release nitric oxide, which relaxes blood vessels thus allowing more blood through. 
B) They release nitric oxide, which constricts the blood vessels which act to pump the blood through the blood vessel. 
C) They absorb nitric oxide from the blood stream, which causes vein constriction. 
D) They absorb nitric oxide from the blood stream, which causes vein relaxation. 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is an anesthetic?

Accepted Answer

A) morphine 
B) heroin 
C) prostaglandin 
D) novocaine 
E) only A and B 
A) morphine 
B) heroin 
C) prostaglandin 
D) novocaine 
E) only A and B

Question 18

How do neurons prepare to send chemical signals?

Accepted Answer

A) by pumping sodium ions out of the cell membrane 
B) by pumping negative ions along the length of the cell 
C) by pumping sodium ions along the length of the cell 
D) by pumping negative ions out of the cell membrane 
E) none of the above 
A) by pumping sodium ions out of the cell membrane 
B) by pumping negative ions along the length of the cell 
C) by pumping sodium ions along the length of the cell 
D) by pumping negative ions out of the cell membrane 
E) none of the above

Question 19

Why are plants a good source of potential drug compounds?

Accepted Answer

A) Because there are thousands of different plants with thousands of different chemicals in them. 
B) Because natural products are much more effective than synthetic products. 
C) Because it is far cheaper to grow chemical compounds in a plant than it is to synthesize them in the laboratory. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above 
A) Because there are thousands of different plants with thousands of different chemicals in them. 
B) Because natural products are much more effective than synthetic products. 
C) Because it is far cheaper to grow chemical compounds in a plant than it is to synthesize them in the laboratory. 
D) all of the above 
E) none of the above

Question 20

How do most antiviral agents work?

Accepted Answer

A) They disrupt protein synthesis in infected cells. 
B) They inhibit folic acid production. 
C) They soften the cell membrane of the virus. 
D) They puncture the cell membrane of the virus. 
E) They cause the DNA to become kinked and prevent growth of infected cell. 
A) They disrupt protein synthesis in infected cells. 
B) They inhibit folic acid production. 
C) They soften the cell membrane of the virus. 
D) They puncture the cell membrane of the virus. 
E) They cause the DNA to become kinked and prevent growth of infected cell.

After a neuron has pumped out sodium ions, this neuron is in ________.

Nicotine binds to sites on maintenance neurons. How does this cause a stress response?

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely be the cause or effect of the following state? accelerated heart rate, increased breathing rate

Ethyl alcohol is ________.

Organic chemicals are so suitable for making drugs because ________.

A drug that alters our tolerance to pain but does not decrease the electrical signals to the brain is called a(n)________.

When might two drugs taken together not exert a synergistic effect?

At one time, halothane, C CHBrCl, was widely used as a general anesthetic. Suggest why its use is now banned.

Would formulating a sulfa drug with PABA be likely to increase or decrease its antibacterial properties?

What role do receptor sites play in drug activity?

A variety of gaseous compounds behave as general anesthetics even though their structures have very little in common. Does this support the role of a receptor site for their mode of action?

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder)us complete the following activity? understand a single conversation in a crowded room

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder)us complete the following activity? avoid a car wreck

A mechanism where the body recycles the chemicals produced during electrical transmission within the body is called ________.

Drugs always ________.

How do most vasodilators work?

Which of the following is an anesthetic?

How do neurons prepare to send chemical signals?

Why are plants a good source of potential drug compounds?

How do most antiviral agents work?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Molecules Mix

How Water Behaves

How Chemicals React

Acids and Bases in Our Environment

Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

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Exam 14: Medicinal Chemistry

After a neuron has pumped out sodium ions, this neuron is in ________.

Nicotine binds to sites on maintenance neurons. How does this cause a stress response?

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely be the cause or effect of the following state? accelerated heart rate, increased breathing rate

Ethyl alcohol is ________.

Organic chemicals are so suitable for making drugs because ________.

A drug that alters our tolerance to pain but does not decrease the electrical signals to the brain is called a(n)________.

When might two drugs taken together not exert a synergistic effect?

At one time, halothane, C CHBrCl, was widely used as a general anesthetic. Suggest why its use is now banned.

Would formulating a sulfa drug with PABA be likely to increase or decrease its antibacterial properties?

What role do receptor sites play in drug activity?

A variety of gaseous compounds behave as general anesthetics even though their structures have very little in common. Does this support the role of a receptor site for their mode of action?

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder)us complete the following activity? understand a single conversation in a crowded room

Which of the following neurotransmitters would most likely help (or hinder)us complete the following activity? avoid a car wreck

A mechanism where the body recycles the chemicals produced during electrical transmission within the body is called ________.

Drugs always ________.

How do most vasodilators work?

Which of the following is an anesthetic?

How do neurons prepare to send chemical signals?

Why are plants a good source of potential drug compounds?

How do most antiviral agents work?

About Science

Particles of Matter

Elements of Chemistry

Subatomic Particles

The Atomic Nucleus

How Atoms Bond

How Molecules Mix

How Water Behaves

How Chemicals React

Acids and Bases in Our Environment

Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World

Organic Compounds

Nutrients of Life

Optimizing Food Production

Protection Water and Air Resources

Capturing Energy

Filters