Question 1

Process theories of motivation focus on identifying instincts, needs, and job satisfaction that influence motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

_____ represent "employment terms individuals negotiate for themselves, taking myriad forms from flexible schedules to career development."

Accepted Answer

A) Job enrichment programs 
B) Idiosyncratic deals 
C) Job enlargements 
D) Job crafting programs 
E) Scientific management programs 
A) Job enrichment programs 
B) Idiosyncratic deals 
C) Job enlargements 
D) Job crafting programs 
E) Scientific management programs B

Question 3

Which of the following is a managerial implication of expectancy theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Determine the outcomes that employees value 
B) Design challenging jobs 
C) Tie some rewards to group accomplishments 
D) Accommodate individual differences by building flexibility 
E) Reward managers for creating and maintaining expectancies 
A) Determine the outcomes that employees value 
B) Design challenging jobs 
C) Tie some rewards to group accomplishments 
D) Accommodate individual differences by building flexibility 
E) Reward managers for creating and maintaining expectancies A

Question 4

When making equity judgments, people tend to compare themselves to similar others rather than dissimilar others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A person's needs remain unchanged over his or her lifetime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the primary managerial implication of Maslow's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Job-security pledges have no motivational impact. 
B) Safety needs can be satisfied using status symbols. 
C) A satisfied need may lose its motivational potential. 
D) Greater job autonomy satisfies the esteem need. 
E) Greater job responsibility satisfies the love need. 
A) Job-security pledges have no motivational impact. 
B) Safety needs can be satisfied using status symbols. 
C) A satisfied need may lose its motivational potential. 
D) Greater job autonomy satisfies the esteem need. 
E) Greater job responsibility satisfies the love need.

Question 7

Persistent people tend to see obstacles as reasons to fail.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Valence refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Chuck is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) increase his efficiency 
B) decrease his inputs 
C) increase his outcomes 
D) increase his inputs 
E) decrease his outcomes 
A) increase his efficiency 
B) decrease his inputs 
C) increase his outcomes 
D) increase his inputs 
E) decrease his outcomes

Question 10

An expectancy of 0.0 indicates:

Accepted Answer

A) performance is totally dependent on effort. 
B) high performance reduces the chance of obtaining the outcome. 
C) attainment of an outcome is totally dependent on task performance. 
D) effort has no anticipated impact on performance. 
E) there is no relationship between performance and outcome. 
A) performance is totally dependent on effort. 
B) high performance reduces the chance of obtaining the outcome. 
C) attainment of an outcome is totally dependent on task performance. 
D) effort has no anticipated impact on performance. 
E) there is no relationship between performance and outcome.

Question 11

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

Accepted Answer

A) Responsibility 
B) Stimulating work 
C) Supervisor relations 
D) Recognition for a job well done 
E) Achievement 
A) Responsibility 
B) Stimulating work 
C) Supervisor relations 
D) Recognition for a job well done 
E) Achievement

Question 12

The _____ is defined as the desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve.

Accepted Answer

A) need for achievement 
B) safety need 
C) need for power 
D) need for affiliation 
E) self-actualization need 
A) need for achievement 
B) safety need 
C) need for power 
D) need for affiliation 
E) self-actualization need

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding hygiene factors?

Accepted Answer

A) They are motivational. 
B) They are associated with the work context or environment. 
C) They are associated with achievement and recognition. 
D) They cause a person to move from a state of no satisfaction to satisfaction. 
E) They are relatively more important than motivators. 
A) They are motivational. 
B) They are associated with the work context or environment. 
C) They are associated with achievement and recognition. 
D) They cause a person to move from a state of no satisfaction to satisfaction. 
E) They are relatively more important than motivators.

Question 14

Which of the following is a true about cognitive crafting?

Accepted Answer

A) It is done by altering the scope or nature of tasks you complete at work or by taking on fewer or more tasks. 
B) It involves altering the quantity or quality of interactions you have with others at work. 
C) It encompasses a change in how you perceive or think about the tasks and relationships associated with your job. 
D) It is entails establishing new relationships. 
E) It results in the work being completed in a more timely fashion. 
A) It is done by altering the scope or nature of tasks you complete at work or by taking on fewer or more tasks. 
B) It involves altering the quantity or quality of interactions you have with others at work. 
C) It encompasses a change in how you perceive or think about the tasks and relationships associated with your job. 
D) It is entails establishing new relationships. 
E) It results in the work being completed in a more timely fashion.

Question 15

_____ represents the extent to which the job requires an individual to perform a whole or completely identifiable piece of work.

Accepted Answer

A) Feedback 
B) Autonomy 
C) Task significance 
D) Skill variety 
E) Task identity 
A) Feedback 
B) Autonomy 
C) Task significance 
D) Skill variety 
E) Task identity

Question 16

_____ is "that kind of management which conducts a business or affairs by standards established by facts or truths gained through systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning."

Accepted Answer

A) Action plan 
B) Job satisfaction 
C) Scientific management 
D) Goal specification 
E) Job rotation 
A) Action plan 
B) Job satisfaction 
C) Scientific management 
D) Goal specification 
E) Job rotation

Question 17

Maslow believed that once safety needs are relatively satisfied, one's physiological needs emerge.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the _____ needs reflect the desire for physiological and materialistic well-being.

Accepted Answer

A) safety 
B) existence 
C) self-actualization 
D) growth 
E) relatedness 
A) safety 
B) existence 
C) self-actualization 
D) growth 
E) relatedness

Question 19

Equity theory predicts that a student will experience _____ if a friend of equal scholarly ability studies the same amount for a test but receives a higher grade.

Accepted Answer

A) equity 
B) an expectancy of zero 
C) negative inequity 
D) an instrumentality of zero 
E) positive inequity 
A) equity 
B) an expectancy of zero 
C) negative inequity 
D) an instrumentality of zero 
E) positive inequity

Question 20

According to McClelland, individuals with high achievement motivation are best suited for top-level executive positions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Process theories of motivation focus on identifying instincts, needs, and job satisfaction that influence motivation.

_____ represent "employment terms individuals negotiate for themselves, taking myriad forms from flexible schedules to career development."

Which of the following is a managerial implication of expectancy theory?

When making equity judgments, people tend to compare themselves to similar others rather than dissimilar others.

A person's needs remain unchanged over his or her lifetime.

What is the primary managerial implication of Maslow's theory?

Persistent people tend to see obstacles as reasons to fail.

Valence refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

An expectancy of 0.0 indicates:

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

The _____ is defined as the desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve.

Which of the following is true regarding hygiene factors?

Which of the following is a true about cognitive crafting?

_____ represents the extent to which the job requires an individual to perform a whole or completely identifiable piece of work.

_____ is "that kind of management which conducts a business or affairs by standards established by facts or truths gained through systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning."

Maslow believed that once safety needs are relatively satisfied, one's physiological needs emerge.

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the _____ needs reflect the desire for physiological and materialistic well-being.

Equity theory predicts that a student will experience _____ if a friend of equal scholarly ability studies the same amount for a test but receives a higher grade.

According to McClelland, individuals with high achievement motivation are best suited for top-level executive positions.

Organizational Behavior: The Quest for People-Centered Organizations and Ethical Conduct

Managing Diversity: Releasing Every Employees Potential

Organizational Culture, Socialization, and Mentoring

International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

Social Perception and Attributions

Improving Job Performance With Goals, Feedback, Rewards, and Positive Reinforcement

Group Dynamics

Developing and Leading Effective Teams

Individual and Group Decision Making

Managing Conflict and Negotiating

Communicating in the Digital Age

Influence, Empowerment, and Politics

Leadership

Organizational Design, Effectiveness, and Innovation

Managing Change and Stress

Filters

Exam 8: Foundations of Motivation

Process theories of motivation focus on identifying instincts, needs, and job satisfaction that influence motivation.

_____ represent "employment terms individuals negotiate for themselves, taking myriad forms from flexible schedules to career development."

Which of the following is a managerial implication of expectancy theory?

When making equity judgments, people tend to compare themselves to similar others rather than dissimilar others.

A person's needs remain unchanged over his or her lifetime.

What is the primary managerial implication of Maslow's theory?

Persistent people tend to see obstacles as reasons to fail.

Valence refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

An expectancy of 0.0 indicates:

According to Herzberg's motivator-hygiene model, which of the following is a hygiene factor?

The _____ is defined as the desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve.

Which of the following is true regarding hygiene factors?

Which of the following is a true about cognitive crafting?

_____ represents the extent to which the job requires an individual to perform a whole or completely identifiable piece of work.

_____ is "that kind of management which conducts a business or affairs by standards established by facts or truths gained through systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning."

Maslow believed that once safety needs are relatively satisfied, one's physiological needs emerge.

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, the _____ needs reflect the desire for physiological and materialistic well-being.

Equity theory predicts that a student will experience _____ if a friend of equal scholarly ability studies the same amount for a test but receives a higher grade.

According to McClelland, individuals with high achievement motivation are best suited for top-level executive positions.

Organizational Behavior: The Quest for People-Centered Organizations and Ethical Conduct

Managing Diversity: Releasing Every Employees Potential

Organizational Culture, Socialization, and Mentoring

International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

Social Perception and Attributions

Improving Job Performance With Goals, Feedback, Rewards, and Positive Reinforcement

Group Dynamics

Developing and Leading Effective Teams

Individual and Group Decision Making

Managing Conflict and Negotiating

Communicating in the Digital Age

Influence, Empowerment, and Politics

Leadership

Organizational Design, Effectiveness, and Innovation

Managing Change and Stress

Filters