Question 1

_____ represents a decision maker's tendency to base decisions on information that is readily accessible in his or her memory.

Accepted Answer

A) Creativity 
B) Fundamental attribution error 
C) Availability heuristic 
D) Representativeness heuristic 
E) Inclusion heuristic 
A) Creativity 
B) Fundamental attribution error 
C) Availability heuristic 
D) Representativeness heuristic 
E) Inclusion heuristic C

Question 2

Which of the following is true about consensus?

Accepted Answer

A) Consensus requires unanimous agreements. 
B) Groups do not experience roadblocks when trying to arrive at a consensus decision. 
C) Voting is not encouraged because it can split the group into winners and losers. 
D) Consensus implies that groups do not need to satisfice. 
E) Groups always generate relevant alternatives to a problem. 
A) Consensus requires unanimous agreements. 
B) Groups do not experience roadblocks when trying to arrive at a consensus decision. 
C) Voting is not encouraged because it can split the group into winners and losers. 
D) Consensus implies that groups do not need to satisfice. 
E) Groups always generate relevant alternatives to a problem. C

Question 3

_____ entails identifying and choosing alternative solutions that lead to a desired state of affairs.

Accepted Answer

A) Decision making 
B) Stereotyping 
C) Performance appraisal 
D) Escalation of commitment 
E) Divergent thinking 
A) Decision making 
B) Stereotyping 
C) Performance appraisal 
D) Escalation of commitment 
E) Divergent thinking A

Question 4

Which of the following is true about the garbage can model?

Accepted Answer

A) Many decisions are made by oversight or by the presence of a salient opportunity. 
B) This process avoids guidance from political motives in making decisions. 
C) It proposes that decisions result from a complex interaction between streams of events that are dependent on each other. 
D) This model solves both important and unimportant problems. 
E) This model of decision making involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution. 
A) Many decisions are made by oversight or by the presence of a salient opportunity. 
B) This process avoids guidance from political motives in making decisions. 
C) It proposes that decisions result from a complex interaction between streams of events that are dependent on each other. 
D) This model solves both important and unimportant problems. 
E) This model of decision making involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution.

Question 5

When there was a rapid increase in valuation of housing, lenders and buyers strongly believed that prices would keep going up. The subsequent drop in housing values left both banks and borrowers with huge losses. This incident is a result of:

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness heuristic. 
B) anchoring bias. 
C) availability bias. 
D) fundamental attribution error. 
E) over-confidence bias. 
A) representativeness heuristic. 
B) anchoring bias. 
C) availability bias. 
D) fundamental attribution error. 
E) over-confidence bias.

Question 6

The willingness to give and accept ongoing feedback in a nondefensive manner is a critical component of a culture dedicated to creativity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The limitations of bounded rationality result in the tendency to acquire manageable rather than optimal amounts of information.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

People with analytical style like to consider more information and alternatives than do directives.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

_____ reflects a decision maker's estimate of the probability of an event occurring, reflecting the tendency to assess the likelihood of an event occurring based on one's impressions about similar occurrences.

Accepted Answer

A) Fundamental attribution error 
B) Explicit knowledge 
C) Availability heuristic 
D) Representativeness heuristic 
E) Anchoring and adjustment error 
A) Fundamental attribution error 
B) Explicit knowledge 
C) Availability heuristic 
D) Representativeness heuristic 
E) Anchoring and adjustment error

Question 10

Creative individuals are usually happy with the status quo.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Chauffer driven and group driven systems are used in _____.

Accepted Answer

A) brainstorming 
B) computer-aided decision making 
C) nominal group technique 
D) face-to-face interactions 
E) scenario-building 
A) brainstorming 
B) computer-aided decision making 
C) nominal group technique 
D) face-to-face interactions 
E) scenario-building

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the expertise component of intuition?

Accepted Answer

A) It reflects the automatic, underlying effect one experiences in response to an object, person, situation, or decision opportunity. 
B) This source of intuition increases with age and experience. 
C) It refers to the component of intuition that includes explicit knowledge and excludes tacit knowledge. 
D) People using this form of information may not be able to explain why they want to make a certain decision, except that the choice "feels right." 
E) It represents a judgment that is based on a subconscious integration of information stored in memory. 
A) It reflects the automatic, underlying effect one experiences in response to an object, person, situation, or decision opportunity. 
B) This source of intuition increases with age and experience. 
C) It refers to the component of intuition that includes explicit knowledge and excludes tacit knowledge. 
D) People using this form of information may not be able to explain why they want to make a certain decision, except that the choice "feels right." 
E) It represents a judgment that is based on a subconscious integration of information stored in memory.

Question 13

Antony was looking to buy a used car. His friends had asked him to check the model of the year of the car before buying it. He was thus focusing extensively on the odometer reading and the model of the year of the car to evaluate the value of the car, instead of inspecting the engine or the transmission of the vehicle. This implies that Antony was engaging himself in the _____ bias.

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness 
B) anchoring 
C) availability 
D) fundamental attribution 
E) self-serving 
A) representativeness 
B) anchoring 
C) availability 
D) fundamental attribution 
E) self-serving

Question 14

Which of the following styles is the most people oriented style?

Accepted Answer

A) Reasoning 
B) Behavioral 
C) Directive 
D) Conceptual 
E) Analytic 
A) Reasoning 
B) Behavioral 
C) Directive 
D) Conceptual 
E) Analytic

Question 15

A problem exists when the actual situation and the desired situation differ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is proposed by the garbage can model?

Accepted Answer

A) Decision makers follow a sequential series of steps. 
B) Decisions are made step-by-step, beginning with a problem and ending with a solution. 
C) Decision making is a sloppy and haphazard process. 
D) Decision making is prescriptive, outlining a logical process that managers should use when making decisions. 
E) Decision making involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution. 
A) Decision makers follow a sequential series of steps. 
B) Decisions are made step-by-step, beginning with a problem and ending with a solution. 
C) Decision making is a sloppy and haphazard process. 
D) Decision making is prescriptive, outlining a logical process that managers should use when making decisions. 
E) Decision making involves solving problems by producing the best possible solution.

Question 17

Lily had finished her high school and was ready to go to university. However, she also loved sports. She wanted to join a basketball academy and become a professional basketball player. She found this situation very stressful and was psychologically uncomfortable. This implies that Lily had a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A) low tolerance for ambiguity. 
B) conceptual decision-making style. 
C) low need for structure. 
D) analytical style of decision making. 
E) high social concern. 
A) low tolerance for ambiguity. 
B) conceptual decision-making style. 
C) low need for structure. 
D) analytical style of decision making. 
E) high social concern.

Question 18

Automated experiences represent a choice that is based on a familiar situation and a partially subconscious application of previously learned information related to that situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The Delphi technique is useful when face-to-face discussions are impractical and when disagreements and conflict are likely to impair communication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The _____ technique reduces the roadblocks to group decision making by separating idea generation from evaluation, promoting balanced participation among members, and incorporating mathematical voting techniques in order to reach consensus.

Accepted Answer

A) brainstorming 
B) satisficing 
C) nominal group 
D) Delphi 
E) scenario-building 
A) brainstorming 
B) satisficing 
C) nominal group 
D) Delphi 
E) scenario-building

_____ represents a decision maker's tendency to base decisions on information that is readily accessible in his or her memory.

Which of the following is true about consensus?

_____ entails identifying and choosing alternative solutions that lead to a desired state of affairs.

Which of the following is true about the garbage can model?

When there was a rapid increase in valuation of housing, lenders and buyers strongly believed that prices would keep going up. The subsequent drop in housing values left both banks and borrowers with huge losses. This incident is a result of:

The willingness to give and accept ongoing feedback in a nondefensive manner is a critical component of a culture dedicated to creativity.

The limitations of bounded rationality result in the tendency to acquire manageable rather than optimal amounts of information.

People with analytical style like to consider more information and alternatives than do directives.

_____ reflects a decision maker's estimate of the probability of an event occurring, reflecting the tendency to assess the likelihood of an event occurring based on one's impressions about similar occurrences.

Creative individuals are usually happy with the status quo.

Chauffer driven and group driven systems are used in _____.

Which of the following is true about the expertise component of intuition?

Which of the following styles is the most people oriented style?

A problem exists when the actual situation and the desired situation differ.

Which of the following is proposed by the garbage can model?

Automated experiences represent a choice that is based on a familiar situation and a partially subconscious application of previously learned information related to that situation.

The Delphi technique is useful when face-to-face discussions are impractical and when disagreements and conflict are likely to impair communication.

The _____ technique reduces the roadblocks to group decision making by separating idea generation from evaluation, promoting balanced participation among members, and incorporating mathematical voting techniques in order to reach consensus.

Organizational Behavior: The Quest for People-Centered Organizations and Ethical Conduct

Managing Diversity: Releasing Every Employees Potential

Organizational Culture, Socialization, and Mentoring

International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

Social Perception and Attributions

Foundations of Motivation

Improving Job Performance With Goals, Feedback, Rewards, and Positive Reinforcement

Group Dynamics

Developing and Leading Effective Teams

Managing Conflict and Negotiating

Communicating in the Digital Age

Influence, Empowerment, and Politics

Leadership

Organizational Design, Effectiveness, and Innovation

Managing Change and Stress

Filters

Exam 12: Individual and Group Decision Making

_____ represents a decision maker's tendency to base decisions on information that is readily accessible in his or her memory.

Which of the following is true about consensus?

_____ entails identifying and choosing alternative solutions that lead to a desired state of affairs.

Which of the following is true about the garbage can model?

When there was a rapid increase in valuation of housing, lenders and buyers strongly believed that prices would keep going up. The subsequent drop in housing values left both banks and borrowers with huge losses. This incident is a result of:

The willingness to give and accept ongoing feedback in a nondefensive manner is a critical component of a culture dedicated to creativity.

The limitations of bounded rationality result in the tendency to acquire manageable rather than optimal amounts of information.

People with analytical style like to consider more information and alternatives than do directives.

_____ reflects a decision maker's estimate of the probability of an event occurring, reflecting the tendency to assess the likelihood of an event occurring based on one's impressions about similar occurrences.

Creative individuals are usually happy with the status quo.

Chauffer driven and group driven systems are used in _____.

Which of the following is true about the expertise component of intuition?

Which of the following styles is the most people oriented style?

A problem exists when the actual situation and the desired situation differ.

Which of the following is proposed by the garbage can model?

Automated experiences represent a choice that is based on a familiar situation and a partially subconscious application of previously learned information related to that situation.

The Delphi technique is useful when face-to-face discussions are impractical and when disagreements and conflict are likely to impair communication.

The _____ technique reduces the roadblocks to group decision making by separating idea generation from evaluation, promoting balanced participation among members, and incorporating mathematical voting techniques in order to reach consensus.

Organizational Behavior: The Quest for People-Centered Organizations and Ethical Conduct

Managing Diversity: Releasing Every Employees Potential

Organizational Culture, Socialization, and Mentoring

International OB: Managing Across Cultures

Key Individual Differences and the Road to Success

Values, Attitudes, Job Satisfaction, and Counter-Productive Work Behaviors

Social Perception and Attributions

Foundations of Motivation

Improving Job Performance With Goals, Feedback, Rewards, and Positive Reinforcement

Group Dynamics

Developing and Leading Effective Teams

Managing Conflict and Negotiating

Communicating in the Digital Age

Influence, Empowerment, and Politics

Leadership

Organizational Design, Effectiveness, and Innovation

Managing Change and Stress

Filters