Exam 2: National Differences in Political Economy

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In a _____ economy,certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms while other sectors have significant state ownership and government planning.

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The two dimensions,according to which the political systems can be assessed,collectivism-individualism and democratic-totalitarian are independent of each other.

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How do countries with representative democracies ensure that their elected officials are held responsible for their actions?

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To guarantee that elected representatives are being held accountable for their actions by the electorate,an ideal representative democracy incorporates safeguards that are enshrined in constitutional law.These safeguards include an individual's right to freedom of expression,opinion,and organization; a free media; regular elections in which all eligible citizens are allowed to vote; universal adult suffrage; limited terms for elected representatives; a fair court system that is separate for the political system; a nonpolitical state bureaucracy; a nonpolitical police force and armed service; and relatively free access to state information.

Product liability sets certain safety standards to which a product must adhere.

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Common law is primarily a moral rather than a commercial law and is intended to govern all aspects of life.

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Antitrust laws in the United States are designed to:

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Compare and contrast the four forms of totalitarianism.

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A theocratic law system is one in which the law is based on:

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A _____ system is based on a very detailed set of laws organized into codes.

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What is private action?

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Which system of government generally permits some individual economic freedom but restricts individual political freedom,frequently on the grounds that it would lead to the rise of communism?

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Discuss the effects of private ownership of production in a market economy.

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Property rights refer to the legal rights over the use to which a resource is put and over the use made of any income that may be derived from that resource.

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A civil law system tends to be less adversarial than a common law system,since _____.

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Discuss the different ways to protect intellectual property.

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What are state-owned companies? Why do they usually perform poorly?

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In several Western democracies,the poor performance of state-owned enterprises,because of protection from competition and guaranteed government financial support,led to ________.

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In the 1970s,the United States passed the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act which requires all publicly traded companies,whether or not they are involved in international trade,to keep detailed records that would reveal whether a violation of the act has occurred.

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In a command economy,enterprises have little incentive to control costs and be efficient,because they cannot go out of business.

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Identify the three types of economic systems.How do these three types of economic systems differ from each other? How are they the same?

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