Chat with AIExam 33: The Freudian Revolution
Explain Jungian psychology and how his theories differed from those of Freud.
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VerifiedThe Swiss physician Carl Gustav Jung,a colleague of Freud,found Freud's view of the psyche too narrow and overly deterministic.Jung argued that the personal,unconscious life of the individual rested on a deeper and more universal layer of the human psyche,which he called the collective unconscious.According to Jung,the collective unconscious belongs to humankind at large,that is,to the human family.It manifests itself throughout history in the form of dreams,myths,and fairy tales.The archetypes (primal patterns)of that realm reflect the deep psychic needs of humankind as a species.Jung treated the personal psyche as part of the larger human family,and,unlike Freud,he insisted on the positive value of religion in satisfying humankind's deepest psychic desires.
A mode of artistic representation in which commonplace objects and events are exaggerated or juxtaposed in unexpected ways to evoke a mood of mystery or fantasy is called
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Describe with examples the impact of the new psychology on literature: Proust,Kafka,Joyce,and
E.
E.
E.Cummings.
The impact of the new psychology and Freud's pessimistic view of human nature affected all aspects of artistic expression,not the least of which was literature.A great many figures in early twentieth-century fiction were profoundly influenced by Freud,such as Marcel Proust,Franz Kafka,James Joyce,and
E.Cummings.In the works of these novelists,the most significant events are those that take place in the psychic life of dreams and memory.The narrative line of the story may be interrupted by unexpected leaps of thought,intrusive recollections,self-reflections,and sudden dead ends.Fantasy may alternate freely with rational thought.Proust's Remembrance of Things Past explored the role of memory in retrieving past experience and in shaping the private life of the individual.Proust's mission was to rediscover a sense of the past by reviving sensory experiences buried deep within his psyche,that is,to bring the unconscious life to the conscious level."For me," explained Proust,"the novel is ...psychology in space and time."
Kafka brought Freudian subconscious to macabre and disorienting stories.His novels and short stories take on the reality of dreams in which characters are nameless,details are precise but grotesque,and events lack logical consistency.In the nightmarish world of his novels,the central characters become victims of unknown or imprecisely understood forces.His style,which builds on deliberate ambiguity and fearful contradiction,has had a major influence on modern fiction.From Freud's works,Joyce drew inspiration for the interior monologue,a literary device consisting of the private musings of a character in the form of a "stream of consciousness"-a succession of images and ideas connected by free association rather than by logical argument or narrative sequence.The stream-of-consciousness device recalls the technique of free association used by Freud in psychotherapy.Modern poets,such as Cummings,avidly seized upon stream-of-consciousness techniques to emancipate poetry from syntactical and grammatical bonds.Cummings poked fun at modern society by packing his verse with slang,jargon,and sexual innuendo,a literary analogue to Freud's concept of libido.
(77) VerifiedThe impact of the new psychology and Freud's pessimistic view of human nature affected all aspects of artistic expression,not the least of which was literature.A great many figures in early twentieth-century fiction were profoundly influenced by Freud,such as Marcel Proust,Franz Kafka,James Joyce,and E.E.Cummings.In the works of these novelists,the most significant events are those that take place in the psychic life of dreams and memory.The narrative line of the story may be interrupted by unexpected leaps of thought,intrusive recollections,self-reflections,and sudden dead ends.Fantasy may alternate freely with rational thought.
Proust's Remembrance of Things Past explored the role of memory in retrieving past experience and in shaping the private life of the individual.Proust's mission was to rediscover a sense of the past by reviving sensory experiences buried deep within his psyche,that is,to bring the unconscious life to the conscious level."For me," explained Proust,"the novel is ...psychology in space and time."
Kafka brought Freudian subconscious to macabre and disorienting stories.His novels and short stories take on the reality of dreams in which characters are nameless,details are precise but grotesque,and events lack logical consistency.In the nightmarish world of his novels,the central characters become victims of unknown or imprecisely understood forces.His style,which builds on deliberate ambiguity and fearful contradiction,has had a major influence on modern fiction.
From Freud's works,Joyce drew inspiration for the interior monologue,a literary device consisting of the private musings of a character in the form of a "stream of consciousness"-a succession of images and ideas connected by free association rather than by logical argument or narrative sequence.The stream-of-consciousness device recalls the technique of free association used by Freud in psychotherapy.
Modern poets,such as Cummings,avidly seized upon stream-of-consciousness techniques to emancipate poetry from syntactical and grammatical bonds.Cummings poked fun at modern society by packing his verse with slang,jargon,and sexual innuendo,a literary analogue to Freud's concept of libido.
The positive modification and redirection of primal urges is termed
(90) Discuss why this period of artistic development and the movements within hinge upon the human psyche.
(82) Edvard Munch's The Scream exemplifies which of the following schools of painting?
(93) Most psychic disorders,according to Freud,were the result of which of the following?
(94) Which of the following is the minimalist poet famous for odd punctuation and refusing to capitalize his name in print?
(79) One of modernism's most distinctive movements,________ was devoted to giving physical expression to the workings of the unconscious mind.
(65) Of all his discoveries,Freud considered his research on ________ his most important.
(91) The Freudian impact on music was most evident in the second decade of the century in the medium of
(71) Show how the new psychology influenced the birth of key movements in the arts: Expressionism,Dada,and Surrealism.
(69) The ________ movement,founded in Switzerland,consisted of a loosely knit group of European painters and poets who,perceiving WWI as evidence of a world gone mad,dedicated themselves to spreading the gospel of irrationality.
(74) Which of the following is NOT a member of the three-part psyche as identified by Freud?
(90) Which of the following writers was so paranoid about the ills of society that he directed his lawyers upon his own death to destroy all his works,a request which was fortunately ignored?
(91) Which of the following was a virtual shut-in who,from his cork-lined room in France,pursued a life of introspection and literary achievement?
(67) Primal patterns from the realm of the shared layer of human psyche such as myths,dreams,and fairy tales are called
(66) Which of the following Irish expatriates popularized the literary interior monologue and stream-of-consciousness writing?
(71) Jung's idea of a shared layer of human psyche,a layer all humans are tied to,is called
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