Chat with AIExam 20: The Catholic Reformation and the Baroque Style
In ________,where European traders were regarded as "ocean devils," Catholic missionaries assumed a cordial relationship with the intellectual classes and succeeded in converting a number of native scholars.
(82) 
VerifiedA
Discuss the Jesuits and their role in the Catholic Church of this era.
(96) VerifiedThe Society of Jesus,or Jesuits,was founded by Ignatius Loyola,a fervent Spanish Catholic.He called for a militant return to fundamental Catholic dogma and the strict enforcement of traditional Church teachings.In addition to the monastic vows of celibacy,poverty,and obedience,the Jesuits took an oath of allegiance to the pope,whom they served as soldiers of Christ.Under Loyola's leadership,the Jesuit order became the most influential missionary society of early modern times.Rigorously trained,its members acted as preachers,confessors,and teachers-leaders in educational reform and moral discipline.Two aspects of Jesuit training-mysticism and militancy-are reflected in Loyola's influential handbook,the Spiritual Exercises.
The Jesuits were excellent proselytizers and their evangelism helped to spread Catholicism globally.As pioneers in learning the languages and customs of India,China,and Japan,they were the prime intermediaries between Europe and Asia from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries.In the Americas,which became prime targets for Jesuit activity,missionaries mastered Native American tribal languages and proceeded to convert thousands to Roman Catholicism.Their success in Mexico and Central and South America stamped these parts of the world with a distinctive cultural character.
________ polyphonic masses and motets emphasized clarity of text and calm sublimity.
(88) VerifiedD
The English Catholic ________ wrote rhapsodic lyrics that fused sensual and spiritual yearnings.
(87) In sixteenth-century Latin America,where ________ political authority went largely unchallenged,Catholicism went hand in hand with colonization.
(70) In its synthesis of all forms of performance,________ became the supreme expression of the theatrical exuberance and spiritual vitality of the baroque style.
(95) How was the spirit of Catholic reform expressed in literature and art?
(67) In literature during this age there appeared a new emphasis on heightened spirituality and on personal visionary experience acquired
(88) ________ challenged sculptural tradition by combining illusionism,naturalism,and implied movement.He brought a flamboyant style to the city of Rome,both in his fountain sculptures and in his designs for Italian baroque churches.
(67) By 1624,________ expelled almost all Western foreigners,after a wave of brutal persecutions of both European Christians and Japanese converts to Catholicism.
(79) The writings of Saint John of the Cross and Saint Teresa of Avila set the tone for a new,________ Catholicism.
(83) ________ richly orchestrated polychoral compositions initiated the concertato style that would become a major feature of baroque music.
(74) In the wake of the Protestant Reformation,the Roman Catholic Church launched a reform movement known as the
(78) The baroque style brought about new levels of naturalism and emotionalism to Western art.Which of the following does NOT describe the baroque style?
(73) ________ anticipated the baroque style by its figural distortions,irrational space,bizarre colors,and general disregard for the "rules" of Renaissance painting.
(97) Under the leadership of Ignatius Loyola,the ________ order became the most influential missionary society of early modern times.
(68) Between 1540 and 1563,the ________ undertook papal and monastic reforms that eliminated corruption and restored Catholicism to many parts of Europe.
(89) Discuss the significance of opera as a reflection of the baroque spirit.
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