Question 1

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus control training. 
B)  discrimination training. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  behavior modification. 
A)  stimulus control training. 
B)  discrimination training. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  behavior modification.

Question 2

In Pavlov's study,the UCS was _____;the neutral stimulus was _____;and,finally,the CS was _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  meat;the bell;meat 
B)  meat;the bell;the bell 
C)  the bell;meat;meat 
D)  meat;meat;the bell 
A)  meat;the bell;meat 
B)  meat;the bell;the bell 
C)  the bell;meat;meat 
D)  meat;meat;the bell

Question 3

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth 
B)  maturation 
C)  cognition 
D)  learning 
A)  growth 
B)  maturation 
C)  cognition 
D)  learning

Question 4

_____ occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus location 
B)  Stimulus generalization 
C)  Stimulus diffusion 
D)  Stimulus discrimination 
A)  Stimulus location 
B)  Stimulus generalization 
C)  Stimulus diffusion 
D)  Stimulus discrimination

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  You fight with your significant other and walk away. 
B)  Spanking a child for misbehaving. 
C)  Yelling at your spouse for being irresponsible. 
D)  Informing an employee that he has been demoted because of a poor job evaluation. 
A)  You fight with your significant other and walk away. 
B)  Spanking a child for misbehaving. 
C)  Yelling at your spouse for being irresponsible. 
D)  Informing an employee that he has been demoted because of a poor job evaluation.

Question 6

Which of the following students is most likely to display an analytical learning style?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jamal,an African-American male 
B)  Lee,an Asian-American male 
C)  Mona,a Caucasian female 
D)  Nina,a Hispanic-American female 
A)  Jamal,an African-American male 
B)  Lee,an Asian-American male 
C)  Mona,a Caucasian female 
D)  Nina,a Hispanic-American female

Question 7

Rosa becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test.She also squirms when she views injections on television.This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  observational learning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  stimulus discrimination. 
A)  observational learning. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  stimulus discrimination.

Question 8

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 9

Which pair below CORRECTLY identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unconditioned stimulus-noise 
B)  Conditioned stimulus- fear 
C)  Unconditioned response-rat 
D)  Neutral stimulus-fear 
A)  Unconditioned stimulus-noise 
B)  Conditioned stimulus- fear 
C)  Unconditioned response-rat 
D)  Neutral stimulus-fear

Question 10

How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Psychologists have challenged Pavlov's o

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food 
B)  Sex 
C)  Money 
D)  Relief 
A)  Food 
B)  Sex 
C)  Money 
D)  Relief

Question 12

You don't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time you hold a door for the person behind you.It is acknowledged sometimes.Door-holding is reinforced on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous 
B)  partial 
C)  regular 
D)  fixed 
A)  continuous 
B)  partial 
C)  regular 
D)  fixed

Question 13

Travis is an intuitive thinker with a highly developed ability to remember verbal material,especially if it is highly relevant.Janet is detail-oriented,with an excellent memory for abstract material.She is not easily dissuaded by dull tasks.Which of the following statements best identifies the learning styles of these two individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Travis has an analytical learning style.Janet's learning style is relational. 
B)  Travis has a relational learning style.Janet's learning style is analytical. 
C)  Both Travis and Janet have analytical learning styles. 
D)  Both Travis and Janet have relational learning styles. 
A)  Travis has an analytical learning style.Janet's learning style is relational. 
B)  Travis has a relational learning style.Janet's learning style is analytical. 
C)  Both Travis and Janet have analytical learning styles. 
D)  Both Travis and Janet have relational learning styles.

Question 14

A weekly paycheck is an example of _____ schedule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A weekly paycheck is an example of...

Question 15

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reflexive 
B)  Unconditioned 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Normative 
A)  Reflexive 
B)  Unconditioned 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Normative

Question 16

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  perceptual learning 
B)  observational learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  tangential learning 
A)  perceptual learning 
B)  observational learning 
C)  latent learning 
D)  tangential learning

Question 17

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-cocaine;UCS-cocaine 
B)  Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-pounding heart 
C)  Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine 
D)  Neutral stimulus-cocaine;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine 
A)  Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-cocaine;UCS-cocaine 
B)  Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-pounding heart 
C)  Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine 
D)  Neutral stimulus-cocaine;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine

Question 18

Negative reinforcement:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same thing as punishment. 
B)  increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. 
C)  decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed. 
D)  is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated. 
A)  is the same thing as punishment. 
B)  increases the likelihood that preceding behaviors will be repeated. 
C)  decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be performed. 
D)  is a stimulus whose removal leads to a decrease in the probability that a preceding response will be repeated.

Question 19

According to the text,the average child in the U.S.has viewed more than _____ murders on network TV by the time he or she graduates from elementary school.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  500 
C)  8,000 
D)  6,000 
A)  12 
B)  500 
C)  8,000 
D)  6,000

Question 20

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)  control 
B)  discrimination 
C)  generalization 
D)  diffusion 
A)  control 
B)  discrimination 
C)  generalization 
D)  diffusion

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

In Pavlov's study,the UCS was ___;the neutral stimulus was _;and,finally,the CS was ___.

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

_____ occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Which of the following students is most likely to display an analytical learning style?

Rosa becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test.She also squirms when she views injections on television.This illustrates:

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Which pair below CORRECTLY identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

You don't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time you hold a door for the person behind you.It is acknowledged sometimes.Door-holding is reinforced on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule.

A weekly paycheck is an example of _____ schedule.

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Negative reinforcement:

According to the text,the average child in the U.S.has viewed more than _____ murders on network TV by the time he or she graduates from elementary school.

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Introduction to Psychology

Psychological Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress Coping and Well-Being

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Exam 5: States of Consciousness

The process of teaching complex behavior by reinforcing ever closer approximations of the desired behavior is called:

In Pavlov's study,the UCS was _____;the neutral stimulus was _____;and,finally,the CS was _____.

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience.

_____ occurs if two stimuli are sufficiently distinct from each other that one evokes a conditioned response but the other does not.

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

Which of the following students is most likely to display an analytical learning style?

Rosa becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test.She also squirms when she views injections on television.This illustrates:

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Which pair below CORRECTLY identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study?

How have psychologists challenged Pavlov's traditional account of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is an example of a secondary reinforcer?

You don't receive a smile or a "thank you" each time you hold a door for the person behind you.It is acknowledged sometimes.Door-holding is reinforced on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule.

A weekly paycheck is an example of _____ schedule.

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Negative reinforcement:

According to the text,the average child in the U.S.has viewed more than _____ murders on network TV by the time he or she graduates from elementary school.

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Introduction to Psychology

Psychological Research

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Cognition and Language

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sexuality and Gender

Development

Personality

Health Psychology: Stress Coping and Well-Being

Filters

In Pavlov's study,the UCS was ___;the neutral stimulus was _;and,finally,the CS was ___.