Exam 5: States of Consciousness

A privately funded program pays low-income parents $50 every two months for each child who attends school regularly during that period.This incentive illustrates a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

June's cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener,which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served.The cat does not run when a blender is used,although it sounds similar.June's cat is demonstrating stimulus:

_____ learning occurs without reinforcement.

Behavior that is reinforced every time it occurs is said to be on a(n)_____ reinforcement schedule

In the case of Pavlov and his dog identify and describe the following: neutral stimulus,unconditioned stimulus,unconditioned response,conditioned stimulus,and conditioned response.

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Dr.Tabachnik focuses on the expectations participants develop regarding the likelihood that a given behavior will be punished.Dr.Tabachnik might be described as a(n)_____ theorist.

The root of operant conditioning may be traced to _____'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

In Pavlov's study,the bell is both a(n)_____ stimulus and a conditioned stimulus.

Briefly describe what observational learning and Bandura's BoBo doll research.Discuss how this research altered conventional views of learning.What role might mirror neurons play in observational learning?

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Bandura's "Bobo doll" experiments were intended to demonstrate:

Which of the following parts of the brain is associated with the process of mentalizing?

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

_____ is learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened,depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences.

Mrs.Martin,a third-grade teacher,is instructing cursive writing.At first,she reinforces even crude attempts to reproduce letters with an encouraging word;as time goes on,though,she reinforces only well-formed letters.By reinforcing progressively better attempts at writing letters,Mrs.Martin is using:

What are the pros and cons of punishment?

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)_____ response.