Question 1

A nephron consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. 
B)  an afferent and an efferent arteriole. 
C)  a cortex and a medulla. 
D)  a bladder and a ureter. 
A)  a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. 
B)  an afferent and an efferent arteriole. 
C)  a cortex and a medulla. 
D)  a bladder and a ureter.

Question 2

A __________ is a tubular organ that transports urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ is a tubular organ that...

Question 3

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased blood pressure 
B)  Increased blood pressure 
C)  A constricted afferent arteriole 
D)  A dilated efferent arteriole 
A)  Decreased blood pressure 
B)  Increased blood pressure 
C)  A constricted afferent arteriole 
D)  A dilated efferent arteriole

Question 4

Most hydrogen ions are secreted

Accepted Answer

A)  passively into the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  passively from the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  actively into the entire renal tubule. 
D)  actively from the distal convoluted tubule. 
A)  passively into the proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  passively from the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  actively into the entire renal tubule. 
D)  actively from the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 5

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maintaining volume, pH, and composition of body fluids within normal ranges 
B)  Removal of excess chemicals 
C)  Removal of metabolic wastes 
D)  Synthesis of plasma proteins 
A)  Maintaining volume, pH, and composition of body fluids within normal ranges 
B)  Removal of excess chemicals 
C)  Removal of metabolic wastes 
D)  Synthesis of plasma proteins

Question 6

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries 
B)  vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries 
C)  renin-angiotensin II vasoconstricting both the afferent and efferent arterioles 
D)  increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule 
A)  vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries 
B)  vasoconstriction of the peritubular capillaries 
C)  renin-angiotensin II vasoconstricting both the afferent and efferent arterioles 
D)  increasing osmotic pressure in the glomerular capsule

Question 7

Water channels in cell membranes formed by __________ are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A)  podocytes 
B)  cytopores 
C)  aquaporins 
D)  pyrogens 
A)  podocytes 
B)  cytopores 
C)  aquaporins 
D)  pyrogens

Question 8

Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess _____________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint.

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid 
B)  urea 
C)  calcium ions 
D)  amino acids 
A)  uric acid 
B)  urea 
C)  calcium ions 
D)  amino acids

Question 9

The renal medulla is composed of _____, whereas the renal cortex is composed of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pyramids; ureters from nephrons 
B)  renal columns; renal pyramids and nephrons 
C)  renal corpuscles; nephron loops 
D)  renal pyramids; renal corpuscles 
A)  renal pyramids; ureters from nephrons 
B)  renal columns; renal pyramids and nephrons 
C)  renal corpuscles; nephron loops 
D)  renal pyramids; renal corpuscles

Question 10

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases sodium excretion. 
B)  increases sodium excretion. 
C)  decreases potassium excretion. 
D)  increases potassium excretion. 
A)  decreases sodium excretion. 
B)  increases sodium excretion. 
C)  decreases potassium excretion. 
D)  increases potassium excretion.

Question 11

The trigone is

Accepted Answer

A)  a group of three neighboring nephrons in a kidney. 
B)  a triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder. 
C)  a region where the glomerulus meets the glomerular capsule. 
D)  a muscle layer that surrounds each kidney. 
A)  a group of three neighboring nephrons in a kidney. 
B)  a triangular area on the floor of the urinary bladder. 
C)  a region where the glomerulus meets the glomerular capsule. 
D)  a muscle layer that surrounds each kidney.

Question 12

During urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule by the process called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During urine formation, some substances move from...

Question 13

Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  minor calyx. 
C)  renal tubule. 
D)  ureter. 
A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  minor calyx. 
C)  renal tubule. 
D)  ureter.

Question 14

The new parents are stunned at the state of their newborn's soiled diaper - it is blue! What might be the cause of the odd diaper stain?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH deficiency 
B)  A defect in transport of the amino acid tryptophan in the small intestine 
C)  A buildup of uric acid in the blood 
D) E. coli poisoning 
A)  ADH deficiency 
B)  A defect in transport of the amino acid tryptophan in the small intestine 
C)  A buildup of uric acid in the blood 
D) E. coli poisoning

Question 15

In which of the following regions of the nephron is water actively transported?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of the nephron loop 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  None of the above 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  Descending limb of the nephron loop 
C)  Peritubular capillaries 
D)  None of the above

Question 16

When plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,

Accepted Answer

A)  the glomerular filtration rate increases. 
B)  the volume of urine decreases. 
C)  glucose is secreted into the peritubular capillary. 
D)  glucose appears in the urine. 
A)  the glomerular filtration rate increases. 
B)  the volume of urine decreases. 
C)  glucose is secreted into the peritubular capillary. 
D)  glucose appears in the urine.

Question 17

The micturition reflex center is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  sacral segments of the spinal cord. 
B)  medulla oblongata. 
C)  pons. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  sacral segments of the spinal cord. 
B)  medulla oblongata. 
C)  pons. 
D)  hypothalamus.

Question 18

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capsule. 
B)  peritubular capillaries. 
C)  glomerular capillaries. 
D)  collecting ducts. 
A)  glomerular capsule. 
B)  peritubular capillaries. 
C)  glomerular capillaries. 
D)  collecting ducts.

Exam 20: Urinary System

A nephron consists of

A __________ is a tubular organ that transports urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder.

Which of the following would increase the rate of glomerular filtration?

Most hydrogen ions are secreted

Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by _____.

Water channels in cell membranes formed by __________ are a result of ADH signaling in the kidneys.

Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess _____________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint.

The renal medulla is composed of _____, whereas the renal cortex is composed of _____.

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

The trigone is

During urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the renal tubule by the process called _____.

Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the

The new parents are stunned at the state of their newborn's soiled diaper - it is blue! What might be the cause of the odd diaper stain?

In which of the following regions of the nephron is water actively transported?

When plasma glucose concentration exceeds the renal plasma threshold,

The micturition reflex center is in the

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Division of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

The renal medulla is composed of _, whereas the renal cortex is composed of _.