Question 1

Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right kidney is usually higher than the left one. 
B)  They are located behind the parietal peritoneum. 
C)  Their upper borders are about at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. 
D)  They are against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity. 
A)  The right kidney is usually higher than the left one. 
B)  They are located behind the parietal peritoneum. 
C)  Their upper borders are about at the level of the third lumbar vertebra. 
D)  They are against the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity. B

Question 2

ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The ureter extends downward

Accepted Answer

A)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
B)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. 
C)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
D)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. 
A)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
B)  behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. 
C)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from above. 
D)  in front of the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below.

Question 5

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  calcium oxalate. 
C)  cholesterol. 
D)  magnesium phosphate. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  calcium oxalate. 
C)  cholesterol. 
D)  magnesium phosphate.

Question 6

Which choice describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water moves out of the ascending limb; sodium moves in the ascending limb 
B)  Water moves in the ascending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb 
C)  Water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb 
D)  Water moves in the descending limb; sodium moves out of the descending limb 
A)  Water moves out of the ascending limb; sodium moves in the ascending limb 
B)  Water moves in the ascending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb 
C)  Water moves out of the descending limb; sodium moves out of the ascending limb 
D)  Water moves in the descending limb; sodium moves out of the descending limb

Question 7

A renal clearance test determines the rate at which the kidneys can

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete water. 
B)  reabsorb ions. 
C)  remove a particular substance from the blood. 
D)  add a substance to the blood. 
A)  excrete water. 
B)  reabsorb ions. 
C)  remove a particular substance from the blood. 
D)  add a substance to the blood.

Question 8

If a ureter is obstructed, a _____ reflex reduces urine production in the kidney on the affected side.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a ureter is obstructed, a _____...

Question 9

Hemodialysis involves

Accepted Answer

A)  an artificial kidney. 
B)  an artificial liver. 
C)  a kidney transplant. 
D)  a bone marrow transplant. 
A)  an artificial kidney. 
B)  an artificial liver. 
C)  a kidney transplant. 
D)  a bone marrow transplant.

Question 10

Autoregulation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining constant GFR. 
B)  secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide at a constant rate. 
C)  secretion of renin at a constant rate. 
D)  actions of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
A)  maintaining constant GFR. 
B)  secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide at a constant rate. 
C)  secretion of renin at a constant rate. 
D)  actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 11

Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) can be used to determine glomerular filtration rate and the rate of blood flow through the kidneys, respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Michael is 26 years old. He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Sean, however, becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because

Accepted Answer

A)  adults drink more liquid. 
B)  infants grow rapidly. 
C)  infant kidneys are less able to conserve water. 
D)  the infant thirst mechanism is underdeveloped. 
A)  adults drink more liquid. 
B)  infants grow rapidly. 
C)  infant kidneys are less able to conserve water. 
D)  the infant thirst mechanism is underdeveloped.

Question 13

The triangular area on the internal floor of the urinary bladder is the ____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The triangular area on the internal floor...

Question 14

Active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The relative concentration of potassium is

Accepted Answer

A)  higher in urine than in plasma or glomerular filtrate. 
B)  higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urine. 
C)  about equal in plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine. 
D)  lower in urine than in plasma or glomerular filtrate. 
A)  higher in urine than in plasma or glomerular filtrate. 
B)  higher in plasma and glomerular filtrate than in urine. 
C)  about equal in plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine. 
D)  lower in urine than in plasma or glomerular filtrate.

Question 16

Glomerular filtration produces about 18 liters of fluid formed in twenty-four hours.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Podocytes and pedicels are part of the

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct. 
B)  distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  glomerular capsule. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
A)  collecting duct. 
B)  distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  glomerular capsule. 
D)  peritubular capillaries.

Question 18

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased GFR 
B)  Renal tubules become encased in fat 
C)  Fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule 
D)  Nephrons invert 
A)  Decreased GFR 
B)  Renal tubules become encased in fat 
C)  Fibrous connective tissue accumulates around the kidney capsule 
D)  Nephrons invert

Question 19

If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid, ___________ increases.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrostatic pressure 
B)  glomerular filtration rate 
C)  sodium reabsorption 
D)  the osmotic pressure 
A)  hydrostatic pressure 
B)  glomerular filtration rate 
C)  sodium reabsorption 
D)  the osmotic pressure

Question 20

If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate is increased.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Urinary System

Which of the following is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart.

The ureter extends downward

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of

Which choice describes the countercurrent mechanism of the nephron loop?

A renal clearance test determines the rate at which the kidneys can

If a ureter is obstructed, a _____ reflex reduces urine production in the kidney on the affected side.

Hemodialysis involves

Autoregulation refers to

Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) can be used to determine glomerular filtration rate and the rate of blood flow through the kidneys, respectively.

Michael is 26 years old. He becomes dehydrated after a long run if he has not drunk enough. His infant son Sean, however, becomes dehydrated fairly frequently. This difference in susceptibility to dehydration is because

The triangular area on the internal floor of the urinary bladder is the ____.

Active transport mechanisms have limited transport capacities because the renal tubule is not very permeable to molecules.

The relative concentration of potassium is

Glomerular filtration produces about 18 liters of fluid formed in twenty-four hours.

Podocytes and pedicels are part of the

Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system?

If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid, ___________ increases.

If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate is increased.

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Division of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

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