Question 1

The composition of glomerular filtrate differs from that of plasma by including

Accepted Answer

A)  many different substances that are absent from plasma. 
B)  the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules. 
C)  less water and electrolytes than does plasma. 
D)  much more uric acid and creatinine than plasma. 
A)  many different substances that are absent from plasma. 
B)  the same substances as plasma except for larger protein molecules. 
C)  less water and electrolytes than does plasma. 
D)  much more uric acid and creatinine than plasma.

Question 2

The detrusor muscle is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter. 
B)  urethra. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
A)  ureter. 
B)  urethra. 
C)  kidneys. 
D)  urinary bladder.

Question 3

The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of the glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular capsule. 
B)  nephron loop. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule. 
A)  glomerular capsule. 
B)  nephron loop. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule.

Question 5

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and efferent arterioles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A renal corpuscle is a _____, whereas a renal tubule is a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule 
B)  special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder 
C)  storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside 
D)  glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulus 
A)  cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule 
B)  special blood cell in the kidneys; tubule that leads from the kidneys to the bladder 
C)  storage area for urine; tubule that carries urine from the urinary bladder outside 
D)  glandular structure that regulates blood pressure; blood vessel that regulates the flow of blood into the glomerulus

Question 7

Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be

Accepted Answer

A)  excreted and potassium ions to be conserved. 
B)  excreted and potassium ions to be excreted. 
C)  conserved and potassium ions to be conserved. 
D)  conserved and potassium ions to be excreted. 
A)  excreted and potassium ions to be conserved. 
B)  excreted and potassium ions to be excreted. 
C)  conserved and potassium ions to be conserved. 
D)  conserved and potassium ions to be excreted.

Question 8

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
B)  Distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
A)  Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
B)  Distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of nephron loop, descending limb of nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule 
C)  Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of nephron loop, ascending limb of nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule

Question 9

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  does not change 
D)  has a variable effect on 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  does not change 
D)  has a variable effect on

Question 10

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  urea. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  water. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  urea. 
C)  ammonia. 
D)  water.

Question 11

Kidney cells die as early as age

Accepted Answer

A)  20. 
B)  30. 
C)  40. 
D)  50. 
A)  20. 
B)  30. 
C)  40. 
D)  50.

Question 12

Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  Erythropoietin (EPO) 
C)  Glomerular filtrate 
D)  Urea 
A)  ADH 
B)  Erythropoietin (EPO) 
C)  Glomerular filtrate 
D)  Urea

Question 13

When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorbed by active transport. 
B)  reabsorbed by passive transport. 
C)  secreted by active transport. 
D)  secreted by passive transport. 
A)  reabsorbed by active transport. 
B)  reabsorbed by passive transport. 
C)  secreted by active transport. 
D)  secreted by passive transport.

Question 14

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Accepted Answer

A)  person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. 
B)  sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter. 
C)  relaxation of the external urethral sphincter. 
D)  voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland. 
A)  person controlling contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter. 
B)  sympathetic impulses stimulating the internal urethral sphincter. 
C)  relaxation of the external urethral sphincter. 
D)  voluntary contractions or inhibition of the prostate gland.

Question 15

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells and the cells of the _____ _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular...

Question 16

Shigatoxin is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  endemic nephropathy. 
B)  urinary tract infection. 
C)  edema. 
D)  hemolytic uremic syndrome. 
A)  endemic nephropathy. 
B)  urinary tract infection. 
C)  edema. 
D)  hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Question 17

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney failure. 
B)  a urinary tract infection. 
C)  kidney stones. 
D)  gout. 
A)  kidney failure. 
B)  a urinary tract infection. 
C)  kidney stones. 
D)  gout.

Question 18

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
B)  renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
C)  calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder 
D)  renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra 
A)  calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
B)  renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 
C)  calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder 
D)  renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

Question 20

Conscious control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  spinal cord. 
C)  brainstem and cerebral cortex. 
D)  pons and hypothalamus. 
A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  spinal cord. 
C)  brainstem and cerebral cortex. 
D)  pons and hypothalamus.

Exam 20: Urinary System

The composition of glomerular filtrate differs from that of plasma by including

The detrusor muscle is in the

The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of the glomerulus.

The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and efferent arterioles.

A renal corpuscle is a _____, whereas a renal tubule is a _____.

Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure ________ the rate of glomerular filtration.

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

Kidney cells die as early as age

Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production?

When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells and the cells of the _____ _____.

Shigatoxin is associated with

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat

Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition.

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Conscious control of micturition inhibits the micturition reflex by using nerve centers in the

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Division of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

A renal corpuscle is a _, whereas a renal tubule is a _.

The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells and the cells of the _ _.