Question 1

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Accepted Answer

A)  1:2 
B)  2:1 
C)  1:1 
D)  3:2 
A)  1:2 
B)  2:1 
C)  1:1 
D)  3:2

Question 2

Water of metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A)  water that a person drinks after exercising. 
B)  water that is in food. 
C)  a by-product of the oxidative metabolism of nutrients. 
D)  present only in adults. 
A)  water that a person drinks after exercising. 
B)  water that is in food. 
C)  a by-product of the oxidative metabolism of nutrients. 
D)  present only in adults.

Question 3

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

Accepted Answer

A)  water dissolves in electrolytes. 
B)  water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood. 
C)  both form ions in blood. 
D)  electrolytes are dissolved in water. 
A)  water dissolves in electrolytes. 
B)  water and electrolytes are both in an ionic state in the blood. 
C)  both form ions in blood. 
D)  electrolytes are dissolved in water.

Question 4

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by _____ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the osmotic pressure; distension of the stomach by water 
B)  a decrease in the osmotic pressure; stimulation of osmoreceptors 
C)  a decrease in sodium ions; an increase in sodium ions 
D)  nerve impulses from the cerebrum; nerve impulses from the thalamus 
A)  an increase in the osmotic pressure; distension of the stomach by water 
B)  a decrease in the osmotic pressure; stimulation of osmoreceptors 
C)  a decrease in sodium ions; an increase in sodium ions 
D)  nerve impulses from the cerebrum; nerve impulses from the thalamus

Question 5

The technical term for water intoxication is

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  hypocalcemia. 
C)  hyponatremia. 
D)  hypoxia. 
A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  hypocalcemia. 
C)  hyponatremia. 
D)  hypoxia.

Question 6

Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting OH-.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A strong acid is one that _____ and an example is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionizes more completely; H2CO3 
B)  ionizes less completely; H2SO4 
C)  gives off less H+; H3PO4 
D)  ionizes more completely; HC1 
A)  ionizes more completely; H2CO3 
B)  ionizes less completely; H2SO4 
C)  gives off less H+; H3PO4 
D)  ionizes more completely; HC1

Question 8

Obstruction of the airways leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 9

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. The stimulus to stop drinking comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  distension of her stomach. 
B)  hormones secreted by stomach cells. 
C)  changes in intracellular fluid concentration. 
D)  changes in extracellular fluid concentration. 
A)  distension of her stomach. 
B)  hormones secreted by stomach cells. 
C)  changes in intracellular fluid concentration. 
D)  changes in extracellular fluid concentration.

Question 10

ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing

Accepted Answer

A)  the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule to filter less or more water. 
B)  the glomerular capsule and nephron loop to absorb more or less water. 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less water. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less sodium ions. 
A)  the glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule to filter less or more water. 
B)  the glomerular capsule and nephron loop to absorb more or less water. 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less water. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less sodium ions.

Question 11

Hyponatremia is

Accepted Answer

A)  another term for dehydration. 
B)  caused by elevated levels of aldosterone. 
C)  high blood sodium. 
D)  more likely in runners who are in a long race, have an extreme body mass index, and drink a great deal during the event. 
A)  another term for dehydration. 
B)  caused by elevated levels of aldosterone. 
C)  high blood sodium. 
D)  more likely in runners who are in a long race, have an extreme body mass index, and drink a great deal during the event.

Question 12

Metabolic acidosis can be

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by a decreased breathing rate. 
B)  caused by a decreased gas exchange surface area. 
C)  compensated for by the retention of large numbers of H+ in the kidneys. 
D)  compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth. 
A)  caused by a decreased breathing rate. 
B)  caused by a decreased gas exchange surface area. 
C)  compensated for by the retention of large numbers of H+ in the kidneys. 
D)  compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth.

Question 13

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion and osmosis. 
B)  hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. 
C)  pinocytosis and phagocytosis. 
D)  active and passive transport. 
A)  diffusion and osmosis. 
B)  hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. 
C)  pinocytosis and phagocytosis. 
D)  active and passive transport.

Question 14

Water intoxication causes

Accepted Answer

A)  low blood sodium. 
B)  high blood sodium. 
C)  low blood potassium. 
D)  abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid. 
A)  low blood sodium. 
B)  high blood sodium. 
C)  low blood potassium. 
D)  abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid.

Question 15

The hormone aldosterone promotes the

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of sodium ions. 
B)  secretion of sodium ions. 
C)  reabsorption of potassium ions. 
D)  secretion of calcium ions. 
A)  reabsorption of sodium ions. 
B)  secretion of sodium ions. 
C)  reabsorption of potassium ions. 
D)  secretion of calcium ions.

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Water of metabolism is

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by _ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by _.

The technical term for water intoxication is

Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting OH^-.

A strong acid is one that _ and an example is _.

Obstruction of the airways leads to

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. The stimulus to stop drinking comes from

ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing

Hyponatremia is

Metabolic acidosis can be

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

Water intoxication causes

The hormone aldosterone promotes the

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Division of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

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Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Water of metabolism is

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent because

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by _____ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by _____.

The technical term for water intoxication is

Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting OH-.

A strong acid is one that _____ and an example is _____.

Obstruction of the airways leads to

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. The stimulus to stop drinking comes from

ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing

Hyponatremia is

Metabolic acidosis can be

The movement of water and electrolytes between fluid compartments is regulated primarily by

Water intoxication causes

The hormone aldosterone promotes the

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Division of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

Filters

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by _ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by _.

Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting OH^-.

A strong acid is one that _ and an example is _.