Question 1

The thirst center is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  midbrain. 
D)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  thalamus. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  midbrain. 
D)  medulla oblongata.

Question 2

The part of the brain that helps regulate hydrogen ion concentrations is the _______ center.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The part of the brain that helps...

Question 3

The greatest output of electrolytes normally is in urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride and potassium ions. 
B)  sodium and phosphate ions. 
C)  potassium and phosphate ions. 
D)  sodium and chloride ions. 
A)  chloride and potassium ions. 
B)  sodium and phosphate ions. 
C)  potassium and phosphate ions. 
D)  sodium and chloride ions.

Question 6

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO2 level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Respiratory alkalosis can be

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by anything that decreases breathing rate. 
B)  compensated for by a decreased secretion of bases in the kidneys. 
C)  compensated for by a decreased respiratory rate. 
D)  characterized by muscle paralysis. 
A)  caused by anything that decreases breathing rate. 
B)  compensated for by a decreased secretion of bases in the kidneys. 
C)  compensated for by a decreased respiratory rate. 
D)  characterized by muscle paralysis.

Question 8

The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

People who are at high risk for heatstroke include

Accepted Answer

A)  people prone to fevers and infants. 
B)  people who have mice for pets. 
C)  mountain climbers and elderly marathoners. 
D)  athletes who exercise in high heat, soldiers in the desert. 
A)  people prone to fevers and infants. 
B)  people who have mice for pets. 
C)  mountain climbers and elderly marathoners. 
D)  athletes who exercise in high heat, soldiers in the desert.

Question 10

If excess water enters the body,

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH release increases. 
B)  more water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules. 
C)  osmoreceptors in the brain swell. 
D)  the collecting duct becomes more permeable to water. 
A)  ADH release increases. 
B)  more water is reabsorbed from the renal tubules. 
C)  osmoreceptors in the brain swell. 
D)  the collecting duct becomes more permeable to water.

Question 11

Dehydration is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive sweating. 
B)  prolonged water deprivation. 
C)  prolonged vomiting or prolonged diarrhea. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  excessive sweating. 
B)  prolonged water deprivation. 
C)  prolonged vomiting or prolonged diarrhea. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 12

Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of water by weight in an adult male?

Accepted Answer

A)  35% 
B)  45% 
C)  55% 
D)  65% 
A)  35% 
B)  45% 
C)  55% 
D)  65%

Question 13

The buffer system in blood is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the chloride shift through the cell membranes. 
B)  deoxyhemoglobin generated in white blood cells. 
C)  phosphate buffer in the renal system. 
D)  hemoglobin binding hydrogen ions in red blood cells. 
A)  the chloride shift through the cell membranes. 
B)  deoxyhemoglobin generated in white blood cells. 
C)  phosphate buffer in the renal system. 
D)  hemoglobin binding hydrogen ions in red blood cells.

Question 14

Hyperkalemia can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  renal disease, which reduces potassium excretion. 
B)  drugs that promote renal conservation of potassium. 
C)  insufficient secretion of aldosterone. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  renal disease, which reduces potassium excretion. 
B)  drugs that promote renal conservation of potassium. 
C)  insufficient secretion of aldosterone. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 15

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include

Accepted Answer

A)  light headedness. 
B)  agitation. 
C)  tingling sensations. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  light headedness. 
B)  agitation. 
C)  tingling sensations. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

Addison disease is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone deficiency and loss of extracellular sodium. 
B)  aldosterone deficiency and gain of extracellular sodium. 
C)  aldosterone excess and loss of extracellular sodium. 
D)  aldosterone excess and gain of extracellular sodium. 
A)  aldosterone deficiency and loss of extracellular sodium. 
B)  aldosterone deficiency and gain of extracellular sodium. 
C)  aldosterone excess and loss of extracellular sodium. 
D)  aldosterone excess and gain of extracellular sodium.

Question 17

An important stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is

Accepted Answer

A)  rising potassium ion concentration. 
B)  falling potassium ion concentration. 
C)  rising sodium ion concentration. 
D)  rising calcium ion concentration. 
A)  rising potassium ion concentration. 
B)  falling potassium ion concentration. 
C)  rising sodium ion concentration. 
D)  rising calcium ion concentration.

Question 18

Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  prolonged vomiting. 
B)  taking too many antacids. 
C)  gastric lavage ("stomach pumping"). 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  prolonged vomiting. 
B)  taking too many antacids. 
C)  gastric lavage ("stomach pumping"). 
D)  all of the above.

Question 19

Water obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of various nutrients is called water of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Water obtained as a by-product of the...

Question 20

A protein functions as an acid-base buffer system by the -COOH group of a molecule accepting H+ in the presence of excess acid and the NH3 group of a molecule releasing H+ in the presence of excess base.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

The thirst center is located in the

The part of the brain that helps regulate hydrogen ion concentrations is the _______ center.

The greatest output of electrolytes normally is in urine.

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH, whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO2 level.

Respiratory alkalosis can be

The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

People who are at high risk for heatstroke include

If excess water enters the body,

Dehydration is caused by

Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of water by weight in an adult male?

The buffer system in blood is formed by

Hyperkalemia can be caused by

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis include

Addison disease is characterized by

An important stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is

Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by

Water obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of various nutrients is called water of _____.

A protein functions as an acid-base buffer system by the -COOH group of a molecule accepting H+ in the presence of excess acid and the NH3 group of a molecule releasing H+ in the presence of excess base.

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Chemical Basis of Life

Cells

Cellular Metabolism

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System

Joints of the Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System I: Basic Structure and Function

Nervous System II: Division of the Nervous System

Nervous System III: Senses

Endocrine System

Blood

Cardiovascular System

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition and Metabolism

Respiratory System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Pregnancy, Growth, and Development

Genetics and Genomics

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A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO₂ level.

A protein functions as an acid-base buffer system by the -COOH group of a molecule accepting H⁺ in the presence of excess acid and the NH₃ group of a molecule releasing H⁺ in the presence of excess base.