Question 1

A person's tax obligation divided by her income is called her

Accepted Answer

A)  marginal social tax rate. 
B)  marginal private tax rate. 
C)  marginal tax rate. 
D)  average tax rate. 
A)  marginal social tax rate. 
B)  marginal private tax rate. 
C)  marginal tax rate. 
D)  average tax rate. D

Question 2

Goals of efficiency and equity in tax policy are

Accepted Answer

A)  complementary in most countries. 
B)  necessary for application of the ability-to-pay principle. 
C)  often in conflict with each other. 
D)  easier to achieve when tax codes are complex. 
A)  complementary in most countries. 
B)  necessary for application of the ability-to-pay principle. 
C)  often in conflict with each other. 
D)  easier to achieve when tax codes are complex. C

Question 3

Among the major spending categories for state and local governments,which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The biggest single expenditure is education. 
B)  The public welfare category does not include the costs of administering some federal programs. 
C)  As a general rule,spending on public schools and public universities exceeds that spent on all other services combined. 
D)  Local services such as libraries,police,trash removal,fire protection,and park maintenance,are a very small share of expenditures overall. 
A)  The biggest single expenditure is education. 
B)  The public welfare category does not include the costs of administering some federal programs. 
C)  As a general rule,spending on public schools and public universities exceeds that spent on all other services combined. 
D)  Local services such as libraries,police,trash removal,fire protection,and park maintenance,are a very small share of expenditures overall. A

Question 4

Table 12-11
The following table presents the total tax liability for an unmarried taxpayer under four different tax schedules for the income levels shown.
  
-Refer to Table 12-11.For an individual with $200,000 in taxable income,which tax schedule has the lowest marginal tax rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tax Schedule B 
B)  Tax Schedule C 
C)  Tax Schedule D 
D)  It is impossible to determine which tax schedule has the lowest marginal tax rate from the given information. 
A)  Tax Schedule B 
B)  Tax Schedule C 
C)  Tax Schedule D 
D)  It is impossible to determine which tax schedule has the lowest marginal tax rate from the given information.

Question 5

The average American pays a higher percent of his income in taxes today than he would have in the late 18th century.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

According to the benefits principle,it is fair for people to pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from the government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When the government levies a tax on a corporation,

Accepted Answer

A)  all the burden of the tax ultimately falls on the corporation's owners. 
B)  the corporation is more like a tax collector than a taxpayer. 
C)  output must increase to compensate for reduced profits. 
D)  less deadweight loss will occur since corporations are entities and not people who respond to incentives. 
A)  all the burden of the tax ultimately falls on the corporation's owners. 
B)  the corporation is more like a tax collector than a taxpayer. 
C)  output must increase to compensate for reduced profits. 
D)  less deadweight loss will occur since corporations are entities and not people who respond to incentives.

Question 8

If we want to gauge the sacrifice made by a taxpayer,we should use the

Accepted Answer

A)  average tax rate. 
B)  marginal tax rate. 
C)  lump-sum tax rate. 
D)  sales tax rate. 
A)  average tax rate. 
B)  marginal tax rate. 
C)  lump-sum tax rate. 
D)  sales tax rate.

Question 9

Most health care economists believe that it will be very difficult to stem the rise in health care costs because

Accepted Answer

A)  government intervention is unpopular with most citizens,especially the elderly. 
B)  improvements in medical technology have not kept pace with technological improvements in other sectors of the economy. 
C)  increased competition will increase rather than reduce costs. 
D)  medical advances are providing better ways to extend and improve human lives but at high costs. 
A)  government intervention is unpopular with most citizens,especially the elderly. 
B)  improvements in medical technology have not kept pace with technological improvements in other sectors of the economy. 
C)  increased competition will increase rather than reduce costs. 
D)  medical advances are providing better ways to extend and improve human lives but at high costs.

Question 10

In the United States,the payroll tax is also called a

Accepted Answer

A)  dividend income tax. 
B)  social insurance tax. 
C)  value added tax. 
D)  capital gains tax. 
A)  dividend income tax. 
B)  social insurance tax. 
C)  value added tax. 
D)  capital gains tax.

Question 11

Table 12-15
The dollar amounts in the last three columns are the taxes owed under the three different tax systems.
  
-Refer to Table 12-15.Which of the three tax systems is proportional?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tax System A 
B)  Tax System B 
C)  Tax System C 
D)  None of the systems are proportional. 
A)  Tax System A 
B)  Tax System B 
C)  Tax System C 
D)  None of the systems are proportional.

Question 12

Taxes on specific goods such as gasoline and alcoholic beverages are called

Accepted Answer

A)  excise taxes. 
B)  payroll taxes. 
C)  sales taxes. 
D)  social insurance taxes. 
A)  excise taxes. 
B)  payroll taxes. 
C)  sales taxes. 
D)  social insurance taxes.

Question 13

Table 12-6
  
-Refer to Table 12-6.What is the marginal tax rate for a person who makes $35,000?

Accepted Answer

A)  25% 
B)  30% 
C)  40% 
D)  60% 
A)  25% 
B)  30% 
C)  40% 
D)  60%

Question 14

In designing a tax system,policymakers have two objectives that are often conflicting.They are

Accepted Answer

A)  maximizing revenue and minimizing costs to taxpayers. 
B)  efficiency and minimizing costs to taxpayers. 
C)  efficiency and equity. 
D)  maximizing revenue and reducing the national debt. 
A)  maximizing revenue and minimizing costs to taxpayers. 
B)  efficiency and minimizing costs to taxpayers. 
C)  efficiency and equity. 
D)  maximizing revenue and reducing the national debt.

Question 15

Deadweight losses occur in markets in which

Accepted Answer

A)  firms decide to downsize. 
B)  the government imposes a tax. 
C)  profits fall because of low consumer demand. 
D)  equilibrium prices fall. 
A)  firms decide to downsize. 
B)  the government imposes a tax. 
C)  profits fall because of low consumer demand. 
D)  equilibrium prices fall.

Question 16

Which of the following tax systems could not be structured to satisfy conditions of vertical equity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A proportional tax 
B)  A regressive tax 
C)  A progressive tax 
D)  A lump-sum tax 
A)  A proportional tax 
B)  A regressive tax 
C)  A progressive tax 
D)  A lump-sum tax

Question 17

Table 12-9
The table below shows the marginal tax rates for an unmarried taxpayer for various levels of taxable income.
  
-Refer to Table 12-9.For this tax schedule,what is the average tax rate for an individual with $280,000 in taxable income?

Accepted Answer

A)  39.9% 
B)  40.2% 
C)  42.7% 
D)  44.8% 
A)  39.9% 
B)  40.2% 
C)  42.7% 
D)  44.8%

Question 18

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vertical equity is the idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amount. 
B)  Horizontal equity is the idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burden. 
C)  A regressive tax would mean that high-income tax payers pay a larger fraction of their income in taxes than would low-income taxpayers. 
D)  A proportional tax would mean that high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of income in taxes. 
A)  Vertical equity is the idea that taxpayers with similar abilities to pay taxes should pay the same amount. 
B)  Horizontal equity is the idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burden. 
C)  A regressive tax would mean that high-income tax payers pay a larger fraction of their income in taxes than would low-income taxpayers. 
D)  A proportional tax would mean that high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of income in taxes.

Question 19

Table 12-6
  
-Refer to Table 12-6.What is the average tax rate for a person who makes $130,000?

Accepted Answer

A)  30% 
B)  40% 
C)  50% 
D)  60% 
A)  30% 
B)  40% 
C)  50% 
D)  60%

Question 20

Table 12-10
The following table shows the marginal tax rates for unmarried individuals for two years.
  
-Refer to Table 12-10.For an individual who earned $35,000 in taxable income in both years,which of the following describes the change in the individual's marginal tax rate between the two years?

Accepted Answer

A)  The marginal tax rate increased from 2005 to 2006. 
B)  The marginal tax rate decreased from 2005 to 2006. 
C)  The marginal tax rate remained constant from 2005 to 2006. 
D)  The change in the marginal tax rate cannot be determined for the two tax schedules shown. 
A)  The marginal tax rate increased from 2005 to 2006. 
B)  The marginal tax rate decreased from 2005 to 2006. 
C)  The marginal tax rate remained constant from 2005 to 2006. 
D)  The change in the marginal tax rate cannot be determined for the two tax schedules shown.

Exam 12: The Design of the Tax System

A person's tax obligation divided by her income is called her

Goals of efficiency and equity in tax policy are

Among the major spending categories for state and local governments,which of the following statements is correct?

Table 12-11 The following table presents the total tax liability for an unmarried taxpayer under four different tax schedules for the income levels shown. -Refer to Table 12-11.For an individual with $200,000 in taxable income,which tax schedule has the lowest marginal tax rate?

The average American pays a higher percent of his income in taxes today than he would have in the late 18th century.

According to the benefits principle,it is fair for people to pay taxes based on the benefits they receive from the government.

When the government levies a tax on a corporation,

If we want to gauge the sacrifice made by a taxpayer,we should use the

Most health care economists believe that it will be very difficult to stem the rise in health care costs because

In the United States,the payroll tax is also called a

Table 12-15 The dollar amounts in the last three columns are the taxes owed under the three different tax systems. -Refer to Table 12-15.Which of the three tax systems is proportional?

Taxes on specific goods such as gasoline and alcoholic beverages are called

Table 12-6 -Refer to Table 12-6.What is the marginal tax rate for a person who makes $35,000?

In designing a tax system,policymakers have two objectives that are often conflicting.They are

Deadweight losses occur in markets in which

Which of the following tax systems could not be structured to satisfy conditions of vertical equity?

Table 12-9 The table below shows the marginal tax rates for an unmarried taxpayer for various levels of taxable income. -Refer to Table 12-9.For this tax schedule,what is the average tax rate for an individual with $280,000 in taxable income?

Which of the following statements is correct?

Table 12-6 -Refer to Table 12-6.What is the average tax rate for a person who makes $130,000?

Table 12-10 The following table shows the marginal tax rates for unmarried individuals for two years. -Refer to Table 12-10.For an individual who earned $35,000 in taxable income in both years,which of the following describes the change in the individual's marginal tax rate between the two years?

Ten Principles of Economics

Thinking Like an Economist

Interdependence and the Gains From Trade

The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

Elasticity and Its Application

Supply, Demand, and Government Policies

Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets

Application: The Costs of Taxation

Application: International Trade

Externalities

Public Goods and Common Resources

The Costs of Production

Firms in Competitive Markets

Monopoly

Monopolistic Competition

Oligopoly

The Markets for the Factors of Production

Earnings and Discrimination

Income Inequality and Poverty

The Theory of Consumer Choice

Frontiers of Microeconomics

Measuring a Nations Income

Measuring the Cost of Living

Production and Growth

Saving, investment, and the Financial System

The Basic Tools of Finance

Unemployment

The Monetary System

Money Growth and Inflation

Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts

A Macroeconomic Theory of the Open Economy

Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Aggregate Demand

The Short-Run Trade-Off Between Inflation and Unemployment

Five Debates Over Macroeconomic Policy

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