Question 1

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an amino group. 
B) an acid group. 
C) a phosphate group. 
D) a side chain (functional group). 
A) an amino group. 
B) an acid group. 
C) a phosphate group. 
D) a side chain (functional group).

Question 2

Heating a protein causes:

Accepted Answer

A) transamination. 
B) deamination. 
C) denaturation. 
D) all of these. 
A) transamination. 
B) deamination. 
C) denaturation. 
D) all of these.

Question 3

Which group has the highest protein requirement (per unit of body weight)?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants 
B) Adults who exercise regularly 
C) Adult women 
D) Elderly men 
A) Infants 
B) Adults who exercise regularly 
C) Adult women 
D) Elderly men

Question 4

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin:

Accepted Answer

A) break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. 
B) are needed to denature proteins. 
C) rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. 
D) are needed to make nonessential amino acids. 
A) break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. 
B) are needed to denature proteins. 
C) rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. 
D) are needed to make nonessential amino acids.

Question 5

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. 
B) Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. 
C) If one amino acid is supplemented,it can slow the absorption of other amino acids. 
D) Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine. 
A) Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. 
B) Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. 
C) If one amino acid is supplemented,it can slow the absorption of other amino acids. 
D) Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine.

Question 6

In the US,most dietary protein comes from:

Accepted Answer

A) animal sources. 
B) beans. 
C) nuts. 
D) vegetables. 
A) animal sources. 
B) beans. 
C) nuts. 
D) vegetables.

Question 7

Transamination refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a nonessential amino acid. 
B) the removal of the amine group from an amino acid. 
C) the interaction of amino acid side chains important for protein folding. 
D) the formation of a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids. 
A) the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a nonessential amino acid. 
B) the removal of the amine group from an amino acid. 
C) the interaction of amino acid side chains important for protein folding. 
D) the formation of a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids.

Question 8

Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU)should limit their intake of foods containing:

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate. 
B) iron. 
C) monosodium glutamate. 
D) aspartame. 
A) carbohydrate. 
B) iron. 
C) monosodium glutamate. 
D) aspartame.

Question 9

Protein requirements are in part based on a person's:

Accepted Answer

A) body weight. 
B) age. 
C) health status. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) body weight. 
B) age. 
C) health status. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 10

Protein complementation is a technique which:

Accepted Answer

A) increases the biological value of a protein. 
B) increases the nitrogen content of dietary protein sources. 
C) minimizes nitrogen loss in the urine. 
D) combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids requirements are met. 
A) increases the biological value of a protein. 
B) increases the nitrogen content of dietary protein sources. 
C) minimizes nitrogen loss in the urine. 
D) combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids requirements are met.

Question 11

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor?

Accepted Answer

A) Bloated abdomen 
B) Excess sweating 
C) Tall stature 
D) Hypertrophic (enlarged)leg muscles 
A) Bloated abdomen 
B) Excess sweating 
C) Tall stature 
D) Hypertrophic (enlarged)leg muscles

Question 12

The amino acid pool refers to amino acids:

Accepted Answer

A) which are soluble in bodily fluids. 
B) present in body tissues and fluids and that are available for protein synthesis or to generate ATP. 
C) which are used by the body for building muscle tissue. 
D) which the body is not able to make and must be supplied by the diet. 
A) which are soluble in bodily fluids. 
B) present in body tissues and fluids and that are available for protein synthesis or to generate ATP. 
C) which are used by the body for building muscle tissue. 
D) which the body is not able to make and must be supplied by the diet.

Question 13

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet:

Accepted Answer

A) is not absorbed and is eliminated in the feces. 
B) is filtered out of the blood and into the urine. 
C) is absorbed without being completely digested. 
D) provides amino acids that are not normally found in the human body. 
A) is not absorbed and is eliminated in the feces. 
B) is filtered out of the blood and into the urine. 
C) is absorbed without being completely digested. 
D) provides amino acids that are not normally found in the human body.

Question 14

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron and zinc 
B) Vitamin B₁₂ 
C) Calcium and vitamin D 
D) All these nutrients could be low 
A) Iron and zinc 
B) Vitamin B₁₂ 
C) Calcium and vitamin D 
D) All these nutrients could be low

Question 15

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) severe protein deficiency in young children. 
B) increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. 
C) misshapen (sickle-shaped)red blood cells. 
D) the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins. 
A) severe protein deficiency in young children. 
B) increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. 
C) misshapen (sickle-shaped)red blood cells. 
D) the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins.

Question 16

Regular soy consumption may help:

Accepted Answer

A) increase fertility. 
B) lower blood LDL cholesterol levels. 
C) improve athletic performance. 
D) reduce muscle fatigue. 
A) increase fertility. 
B) lower blood LDL cholesterol levels. 
C) improve athletic performance. 
D) reduce muscle fatigue.

Question 17

A pattern of food intake that eliminates all animal products is called:

Accepted Answer

A) lacto-ovo vegetarian. 
B) vegan vegetarian. 
C) phyto vegetarian. 
D) pesco vegetarian. 
A) lacto-ovo vegetarian. 
B) vegan vegetarian. 
C) phyto vegetarian. 
D) pesco vegetarian.

Question 18

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is:

Accepted Answer

A) ketone bodies. 
B) urea. 
C) lactate. 
D) CO₂. 
A) ketone bodies. 
B) urea. 
C) lactate. 
D) CO₂.

Question 19

A(n)____________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) disulfide 
B) ionic 
C) glycosidic 
D) peptide 
A) disulfide 
B) ionic 
C) glycosidic 
D) peptide

Question 20

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the types of food proteins that a person consumes. 
B) DNA found in the nucleus of cells. 
C) GI tract peptidases. 
D) random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells. 
A) the types of food proteins that a person consumes. 
B) DNA found in the nucleus of cells. 
C) GI tract peptidases. 
D) random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells.

Exam 6: Proteins and Amino Acids

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT:

Heating a protein causes:

Which group has the highest protein requirement (per unit of body weight)?

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin:

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE?

In the US,most dietary protein comes from:

Transamination refers to:

Individuals with the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU)should limit their intake of foods containing:

Protein requirements are in part based on a person's:

Protein complementation is a technique which:

Which of the following is a physical characteristic associated with Kwashiorkor?

The amino acid pool refers to amino acids:

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet:

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)?

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

Regular soy consumption may help:

A pattern of food intake that eliminates all animal products is called:

The waste product resulting from the deamination of a protein is:

A(n)____________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Cholesterol

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Minerals

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: The Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus on Alcohol

Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus on Nonvitaminnonmineral Supplements

Focus on Biotechnology

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